THE EXAMINATION OF A SICK HORSE. 1% 
secretion in some part of the respiratory tract. A bad odor is found 
where there is necrosis of the bone in the nasal passages or in chronic 
catarrh. An ulcerating tumor of the nose or throat may cause the 
breath to have an offensive odor. The most offensive breath occurs 
where there is necrosis, or gangrene, of the lungs. 
In some diseases there is a discharge from the nose. In order to 
determine the significance of the discharge it should be examined 
closely. One should ascertain whether it comes from one or both 
nostrils. If but from one nostril, it probably originates in the head. 
The color should be noted. A thin, watery discharge may be com- 
posed of serum, and it occurs in the earlier stages of coryza, or nasal 
catarrh. An opalescent, slightly tinted discharge is composed of 
mucus and indicates a little more severe irritation. If the discharge 
is sticky and puslike, a deeper difficulty or more advanced irrita- 
tion is indicated. If the discharge contains flakes and clumps of 
more or less dried, agglutinated particles, it is probable that it origi- 
nates within a cavitysgfh ty 25,934, the sinuses or guttural pouches. 
The discharge viigiauuers .s of a peculiar sticky nature and adheres 
tenaciously to the wings of the nostrils. The discharge of pneumonia 
is of a somewhat red or reddish brown color and, on this account, 
has been described as a prune-juice discharge. The discharge may 
contain blood. If the blood appears as clots or as streaks in the dis- 
charge, it probably originates at some point in the upper part of the 
respiratory tract. If the blood is in the form of a fine froth, it 
comes from the lungs. 
In examining the interior of the nasal passage one should remem- 
ber that the normal color of the mucous membrane is a rosy pink and 
that its surface is smooth. If ulcers, nodules, swellings, or tumors 
are found, these indicate disease. The ulcer that is characteristic of 
glanders is described fully in connection with the discussion of that 
disease. ; 
Between the lower jawgs.fhere are several clusters of lymphatic 
glands. These glands;, «,¢,pmall and so soft that it is difficult to 
find them by feeling through the skin, but when a suppurative dis- 
ease exists in the upper part of the respiratory tract these glands 
become swollen and easy to feel. They may become soft and break 
down and discharge as abscesses; this is seen constantly in strangles. 
On the other hand, they may become indurated and hard from the 
proliferation of connective tissue and attach themselves to the jaw- 
bone, to the tongue, or to the skin. This is seen in chronic glanders. 
If the glands are swollen and tender to pressure, it indicates that the 
disease causing the enlargement is acute; if they are hard and insen- 
sitive, the disease causing the enlargement is chronic, 
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