48 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
the stomach; when we want a local action on the last gut; when it is 
desired to destroy the small worms infesting the large bowels or to 
stimulate the peristaltic motion of the intestines and cause evacua- 
tion. Medicines are in such cases given in the form of suppositories or 
as liquid injections (enemas.) Foods may also be given in this way. 
Suppositories are conical bodies made up of oil of theobroma and 
opium (or whatever medicine is indicated in special cases), and are 
introduced into the rectum or vagina to allay irritation and pain of 
these parts. They are not much used in treating horses. 
Enemas, when given for absorption, should be small in quantity, 
neutral or slightly acid in reaction, and of a temperature of from 90° 
to 100° F. These, like feeds given by the rectum, should be intro- 
duced only after the last bowel has been emptied by the hand or by 
copious injections of tepid water. Enemas, or clysters, if to aid the 
action of physics, should be in quantities sufficient to distend the 
bowel and cause the animal to eject them. Simple water, salt and 
water, or soap and water, in quantities of a gallon or more, may be 
given every half hour. It is best that the horse retain them for some 
little time, as the liquid serves to moisten the dung and favors a pas- 
sage. Stimulating enemas, as glycerin, should be administered after 
those already mentioned have emptied the last bowel, with the pur- 
pose of still further increasing the natural motion of the intestines 
and aiding the purging medicine. 
Liquids may be thrown into the rectum by the means of a large 
syringe ora pump. A very good “irrigator” can be bought of any 
tinsmith at a trifling cost, and should be constantly at hand on every 
stock farm. It consists of a funnel about 6 inches deep and 7 inches 
in diameter, which is to be furnished with a prolongation to which a ° 
piece of rubber hose, such as small garden hose, 4 feet long may be 
attached. The hose, well oiled, is to be inserted gently into the rec- 
tum about 2 feet. The liquid to be injectéd may then be poured in 
the funnel and the pressure of the atmosphere will force it into the 
bowels. This appliance is better than the more complicated and 
expensive ones. 
Ordinary cold water or even ice-cold water is highly recommended 
by many as a rectal injection for horses overcome by the excessive 
heat of summer, and may be given by this simple pipe. 
By THE GENITO-URINARY PASSAGES.—This method of medication 
is especially useful in treating local diseases of the genito-urinary 
organs. It finds it chief application in the injection and cleansing 
of the uterus and vagina. For this purpose a large syringe or the 
irrigator described above may be used. 
By THE Bioop.—Injections directly into veins are to be practiced 
by medical or veterinary practitioners only, as are probably some 
other means of giving medicines—intratracheal inj ections, etc. 
