DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 15 
is passed at a time; this is due to the bladder being so frequently 
emptied. These attempts to urinate are often regarded 'by horsemen 
as symptoms of trouble of the kidneys or bladder. In reality they 
are-only one of the many ways in which the horse expresses the :pres- 
ence of pain. Asa matter of fact, diseases of the bladder or kidneys 
of the horse are exceedingly rare. 
To recapitulate the symptoms of spasmodic colic: The history of 
the case, the type of horse, the suddenness of the attack, the in- 
creased intestinal sounds, the intervals of ease (which become of 
shorter duration as the case progresses), the violent pain, the normal 
temperature and pulse during the intervals of ease, the frequent at- 
tempts to urinate, etc., should be kept in mind, and there is then but 
little danger of confounding this with other forms of colic. 
Treatment.—Since the pain is due to-spasm or cramp of the bowels, 
medicines that overcome spasms—antispasmodics—are the ones indi- 
cated: Chloral hydrate may be used. This is to be given in a dose 
of 1 ounce in a pint of water as a drench. As this drug is irritant to 
the throat and stomach, it has to be well diluted. A common and 
good remedy is sulphuric ether and laudanum, of each 2 ounces, in a 
half pint of linseed oil. Another drench may be composed of 2 
ounces each of sulphuric ether and alcohol in 8 ounces of water. If 
nething else is at hand give whisky, one-half pint in hot water. 
Jamaica ginger is useful. If relief is not obtained in one hour from 
any of the above doses, they may then be repeated. The body should 
be warmly clothed and perspiration induced. Blankets dipped in 
very hot water to which a small quantity of turpentine -has been 
added should be: placed around the belly and covered with dry 
blankets, or the abdomen may be rubbed with stimulating liniments 
or mustard water. The difficulty, however, of applying hot blankets 
and keeping them in place forces us in most instances to dispense 
with them. If the cramp is due to irritants in the bowels, a cure is 
not complete until a cathartic of 1 ounce of aloes or 1 pint of linseed 
oil is given. Injections of warm, soapy water or salt and water inte 
the rectum aid the cure. 
Rectal injections, clysters, or enemas as a rule should be lukewarm, 
and from 3 to 6 quarts are to be given at a time. They may be 
repeated every half hour if necessary. Great care is to be taken not 
to injure the rectum in giving such injections. A large syringe or a 
piece of rubber hose 4.or 5 feet long. with a funnel attached at one 
end, affords the best means by which to give them. The pipe of the 
syringe or the hose introduced into the reetum must be blunt, rounded, 
and smooth; it is to be thoroughly oiled and then carefully pushed 
through the anus in a slightly upward direction. Much force must 
be avoided, for the rectum may be lacerated and serious complications 
or even death result. Exercise will aid the action of the bowels in this 
and similar colicky troubles, but severe galloping or trotting is to be 
