90 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
we should give large and frequent doses of white-oak bark tea, dram 
doses of tannic or gallic acid, or the same quantity of sugar of lead, 
every half hour or hour. Fluid extract of ergot or tincture of the 
chlorid of iron, in ounce doses, may be selected. Cold water dashed 
upon the right side or injected into the rectum is highly spoken of as 
a means of checking the hemorrhage. 
BILIARY CALCULI, OR GALLSTONES. 
These are rarely found in the horse, but may occupy the hepatic 
ducts, giving rise to jaundice and to colicky pains. There are no 
absolutely diagnostic symptoms, but should one find a horse: that 
suffers from repeated attacks of colic, accompanied with symptoms 
of violent pain, and that during or following these attacks the animal 
is jaundiced, it is possible that gallstones are present. There is little 
or nothing to be done except to give medicines to overcome pain, 
trusting that these concretions may pass on to the bowels, where, 
from their small size, they will not occasion any inconvenience. 
DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN. 
Diseases of the pancreas and spleen are so rare, or their symptoms 
so little understood, that it is impossible to write anything concerning 
either of these organs and their simple diseases that will convey to 
the reader information of practical value. 
GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES. 
[By Maurice C. Hall, Ph. D., D. V. M.J 
Horses are subject to infestation by a number of species of worms, 
these worms being especially numerous at certain points in the 
alimentary canal. 
The tapeworms of the horse are relatively unimportant and not 
very common. ‘There are three species, the smallest about two inches 
jong and the largest about eight inches long. These two occur in 
the small intestine; a form intermediate in size may also be found 
in the cecum and colon. These are fiat, segmented worms with the 
head at the smaller end. 
Flukes occur in horses elsewhere, but have apparently never been 
reported in the United States. 
Roundworms, or nematodes, constitute the most important group 
of parasitic worms in the horse. The more important of these are 
as follows: , 
Rounpworm (Ascaris eguorum).—This is the common large, yel- 
lowish roundworm (PI. V, fig. 5), about the size of a lead pencil 
or larger, which may be found in horses almost anywhere in the 
