DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 91 
United States. It occurs in the intestine and probably occasions 
little damage as a rule, except when present in large numbers, in 
which case it will probably be found in the droppings. The symp- 
toms occasioned by it are rather obscure and are such as might arise 
from a number of other causes, namely, colicky pains, depraved ap- 
petite, diarrhea or constipation, and general unthriftiness. In a 
general way, the presence of parasites may be suspected when an 
animal shows no fever but is unthrifty, debilitated, and shows dis- 
ordered bowel movements in cases where there is no evident explana- 
tion in the way of feed, care, and surroundings. 
Treatment for the removal of this worm consists in the use of 
anthelmintics such as tartar emetic, turpentine, and carbon bisulphid, 
but as these remedies are essentially poisons intended to kill the 
worm, and as their use by persons unused to determining conditions 
unfavorable for their use is dangerous and likely to result in the 
death of the animal or in permanent injury to the kidneys or other 
organs, it is advisable to call in a veterinarian in such cases. 
Prnworm (Oxyuris equi).—This is a rather large worm (PI. V, 
fig. 1), somewhat smaller than the foregoing and readily distin- 
guishable from it by the presence of a long, slender tail. It also 
occurs generally throughout the United States, and except when 
present in large numbers probably does very little damage. It in- 
habits the large intestine and hence is difficult to reach with medicines 
administered by the mouth. The use of a half ounce of gentian 
on the feed night and morning for a week has been recommended, 
but the use of rectal enemas will give more prompt and perhaps more 
certain results. These enemas may be made up with one or two table- 
spoonfuls of salt to the pint, or infusions of quassia chips, a half 
pound to the gallon of ss and injected into the rectum once or 
twice a day. 
STOMACH WORMS OF THE HORSE (Habronema spp.)—These worms 
(Pl. V, fig. 4) occur in nodules in the mucous lining of the horse’s 
stominen and-are credited with doing more or less damage. Their 
presence is not likely to be diagnosed in the present state of our 
knowledge, but in case their presence is determined or suspected in 
connection’ with the summer sores noted later, tartar emetic is recom- 
mended. At least one of these worms has an intermediate stage in 
the ordinary housefly, the fly becoming infested while it is a larva 
developing in horse manure. Obviously, therefore, any measures 
looking toward the eradication of the fly or the proper disposal of 
manure will aid in the control and eradication of this worm. The 
United States Bureau of Entomology has shown that fly maggots 
travel downward through a manure pile as it comes time for the 
maggot to enter the ground and pupate, and an excellent maggot 
