98 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
Treatment.—If the tumor is well opened and the matter squeezed 
out, nature will perform a cure. If the opening is made from the out- 
side through the skin, it should be at the most dependent part, but 
much the best way to open the tumor is from the inside. Quiet the 
animal, gently insert your finger up in the direction of the tumor, and 
you will soon discover that it is much larger inside than it appears to 
be on the outside. If necessary put a twitch on the ear of the horse 
to quiet him; run the index finger of your left hand against the 
tumor; now, with the right hand, carefully insert the knife by run- 
ning the back of the blade along the index finger of the left hand 
until the tumor is reached; with the left index finger guide the point 
of the blade quickly and surely into the tumor; make the opening 
large. A little blood may flow for a while, but it is of no consequence. 
Squeeze out the matter and keep the part clean. 
COLD IN THE HEAD, OR NASAL CATARRH. 
Catarrh is an inflammation of a mucous membrane. It is accom- 
panied with excessive secretion. In nasal catarrh the inflammation 
may extend from the membrane lining the nose to the throat, the in- 
side of the sinuses, and to the eves. The causes are the general causes 
of respiratory disease enumerated above. It is especially common in 
young horses and in horses not acclimated. 
Symptoms.—The membrane at the beginning of the attack is dry, 
congested, and irritable; it is of a deeper hue than natural, pinkish 
red or red. Soon a watery discharge from the nostrils makes its 
appearance; the eyes may also be more or less affected and tears flow 
over the cheeks. The animal has some fever, which may be easily 
detected by means of a clinical thermometer inserted in the rectum 
or, roughly, by placing the finger in the mouth, as the feeling of heat 
conveyed to the finger will be greater than natural. 
To become somewhat expert in ascertaining the changes of temper- 
ature in the horse it is only necessary to place the finger often in the 
mouths of horses known to be healthy. After you have become accus- 
tomed to the warmth of the mouth of the healthy animal you will 
have no difficulty in detecting a marked increase of the temperature. 
The animal may be dull; he sneezes or snorts, but does not cough 
unless the throat is affected; he expels the air forcibly through his 
nostrils, very often in a manner that may be aptly called “ blowing 
his nose.” A few days after the attack begins the discharge from | 
the nostrils changes from a watery to that of a thick, mucilaginous 
state, of a yellowish-white color, and may be more or less profuse. 
Often the appetite is lost and the animal becomes debilitated. 
Treatment.—This disease is not serious, but inasmuch as neglect or 
bad treatment may cause it to lead to something worse or become 
chronic it should receive proper attention. The animal should not 
