100 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
where the horse has suffered exposure, been overworked, or has not 
received proper feed, and, as a consequence, has become debilitated. 
It may occur as a sequel to influenza. 
Other but less frequent causes for this affection are: Fractures of 
the bones that involve the membrane of the sinuses, and even blows 
on the head over the sinuses. Diseased teeth often involve a sinus 
and cause a fetid discharge from the nostril. Violent coughing is 
said to have forced particles of feed into the sinus, which acted as a 
cause of the disease. Tumors growing in the sinuses are known to 
have caused it. It is also attributed to disease of the turbinated 
bones. Absorption of the bones forming the walls of the sinuses has 
been caused by the pressure of pus collecting in them and by tumors 
filling up the cavity. 
Symptoms.—Great caution must be exercised when examining these 
cases, for the horse may have glanders, while, on the other hand, 
horses have been condemned as glandered when really there was 
nothing ailing them but nasal gleet. This is not contagious, but may 
stubbornly resist treatment and last for a long time. In most cases 
the discharge is from one nostril only, which may signify that the 
sinuses on that side of the head are affected. The discharge may 
be intermittent; that is, quantities may be discharged at times and 
again little or none for a day or so. Such an intermittent discharge 
usually signifies disease of the sinuses. The glands under and be- 
tween the bones of the lower jaw may be enlarged. The peculiar 
ragged-edged ulcer of glanders is not to be found on the membrane 
within the nostrils, but occasionally sores are to be seen there. If 
there is any doubt about it, the symptoms of glanders should be well 
studied in order that one may be competent to form a safe opinion. 
The eye on the side of the discharging nostril may have a peculiar 
appearance and look smaller than its fellow. There may be an en- 
largement, having the appearance of a bulging out of the bone over 
the part affected, between or below the eyes. The breath may be 
offensive, which indicates decomposition of the matter or bones or 
disease of the teeth. A diseased tooth is further indicated by the 
horse holding his head to one side when eating, or by dropping the 
feed from the mouth after partly chewing it. When the bones 
between the eyes, below the eyes, and above the back teeth of the 
upper jaw are tapped on, a hollow, drumlike sound is emitted, but 
if the sinus is filled with pus or contains a, large tumor the sound 
emitted will be the same as if a solid substance were struck; by this 
means the sinus affected may be located in some instances. The hair 
may be rough over the affected part, or even the bone may be soft to 
the touch and the part give somewhat to pressure or leave an im- 
pression where it is pressed upon with the finger. 
