114 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
The fluids thus escaping into the air cells and in the minute branches 
of the little bronchial tubes become coagulated. 
The pleura covering the affected parts may be more or less inflamed. 
A continuance of the foregoing phenomena is marked by a further 
escape of the constituents of the blood, and a change in the membrane 
of the cells, which becomes swollen. The exudate that fills the air 
cells and minute bronchial branches undergoes disintegration and 
softening when healing commences. 
The favorable termination of pneumonia is in resolution, that is, 
a restoration to health. This is gradually brought about by the 
exuded material contained in the air cells and lung tissues being 
broken down and softened and absorbed or expectorated through the 
nostrils. The blood vessels return to their natural state, and the 
blood circulates in them as before. In the cases that do not termi- 
nate so happily the lung may become gangrenous (or mortified), an 
abscess may form, or the disease may be merged into the chronic 
variety. 
Pneumonia may be directly induced by any of the influences named 
as general causes for diseases of the organs of respiration, but in 
many instances it is from neglect. A common cold or sore throat 
may be followed by pneumonia if neglected or improperly treated. 
An animal may be debilitated by a cold, and when in this weakened 
state may be compelled to undergo exertion beyond his strength; or 
he may be kept in a badly ventilated stable, where the foul gases 
are shut in and the pure air is shut out; or the stable may be so open 
that parts of the body are exposed to drafts of cold air. An animal 
is predisposed to pneumonia when debilitated by any constitutional 
disease, and especially during convalescence if exposed to any of 
the exciting causes. Foreign bodies, such as feed accidentally getting 
into the lungs by way of the windpipe, as well as the inhalation of 
irritating gases and smoke, ofttimes produce fatal attacks of inflam- 
mation of the lung and bronchial tubes. Pneumonia is frequently 
seen in connection with other diseases, such as influenza, purpura 
hemorrhagica, strangles, glanders, etc. Pneumonia and pleurisy are 
most common during cold, damp weather, and especially during the 
prevalence of the cold north or northeasterly winds. Wounds punc- 
turing the thoracic cavity may cause pneumonia. 
Symptoms.——Pneumonia, when a primary disease, is ushered in by 
a chill, more or less prolonged, which in many cases is seen neither 
by the owner nor the attendant, but is overlooked. The breathing 
becomes accelerated, and the animal hangs its head and has a very 
dull appearance. The mouth is hot and has a sticky feeling to the 
touch; the heat conveyed to the finger in the mouth demonstrates a 
fever; if the thermometer is placed in the rectum the temperature 
will be found to have risen to 103° F. or higher. The pulse is fre- 
