116 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
aid to drive off the feeling of suffocation; the body is bathed with 
sweat; the horse staggers, but quickly recovers his balance; he may 
now, fey the first time during the attack, lie down; he does so, how- 
ever, in the hope of relief, which he fails to find, and with difficulty 
struggles to his feet; he pants; the nostrils flap; he staggers and 
sways from side to side and backward and forward, but still tries to 
retain the standing position, even by propping himself against the 
stall. It is no use, as after an exhausting fight for breath he goes 
down; the limbs stretch out and become rigid. In fatal cases death 
usually occurs in from 10 to 20 days after the beginning of the 
attack. On the other hand, when the disease is terminating favor- 
ably the signs are obvious. The fever abates and the animal gradu- 
ally improves in appetite; he takes more notice of things around 
him; his spirits improve; he has a general appearance of returning 
health, and he lies down and rests. In the majority of cases pneumo- 
nia, if properly treated, terminates in recovery. 
Treatment.—The comfort and surroundings of the patient must be 
attended to first. The quarters should be the best that can be pro- 
vided. Pure air is essential. Avoid placing the animal in a stall 
where he may be exposed to drafts of cold air and sudden changes of 
temperature. It is much better for the animal if the air is cold and pure 
than if it is warm and foul. It is better to make the animal comfort- 
able with warm clothing than to make the stable warm by shutting off 
the ventilation. From the start the animal should have an unlimited 
supply of fresh, cold drinking water. Blanket the body. Rub the legs 
until they are warm and then put bandages on them from the hoofs 
up to the knees and hocks. If warmth can not be reestablished in 
the legs by hand rubbing alone, apply dry, ground mustard and rub 
well in. The bandages should be removed once or twice every day, 
the legs well rubbed, and the bandages replaced. Much harm is often 
done by clipping off hair and rubbing in powerful blistering com- 
pounds. They do positive injury and retard recovery, and should 
not be allowed. Much benefit may be derived from hot application 
to the sides of the chest if the facilities are at hand to apply them. 
If the weather is not too cold, and if the animal is in a comfortable 
stable, the following method may be tried: Have a tub of hot water 
handy to the stable door; soak a woolen blanket in the water, then 
quickly wring as much water as possible out of it and wrap it around 
the chest. See that it fits closely to the skin; do not allow it to sag 
so that air may get between it and the skin. Now wrap a dry blanket 
over the wet hot one and hold in place with three girths. The hot 
blanket should be renewed every half hour, and while it is off being 
wetted and wrung the dry one should remain over the wet part of 
the chest to prevent reaction. The hot applications should be kept 
up for three or four hours, and when stopped the skin should be 
