DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS, 121 
animal to do so, and the breathing is accomplished to a great extent 
by aid of the abdominal muscles. The horse persists in standing 
throughout the attack. He prefers to stand with head to a door or 
window to gain all the fresh air possible, but if not tied may occa- 
sionally wander listlessly about the stall. The bowels most likely 
are constipated; the dung is covered with slimy mucus. The urine 
is decreased in quantity and darker in color than usual. The animal 
shows more or less thirst; in some cases the mouth is full of saliva. 
The discharge from the nose increases in quantity as the disease 
advances and inflammation subsides. This is rather a good symp- 
tom, as it shows that one stage has passed. The discharge then 
gradually decreases, the cough becomes less rasping, but of more 
frequent occurrence, until it gradually disappears with the return 
of health. 
Bronchitis, affecting the smaller tubes, is one of the most fatal 
diseases, while that of the larger tubes is never very serious. It must 
be stated, however, that it is an exceedingly difficult matter for a 
nonexpert to discriminate between the two forms, and, further, it 
may as well be said here that he will have difficulty in discriminat- 
ing between bronchitis and pneumonia. 
Treatment.—The matter of first importance is to insure pure air 
to breathe, and next to make the patient’s quarters as comfortable 
as possible. A well-ventilated box stall serves best for all purposes. 
Cover the body with a blanket, light or heavy, as the season of 
the year demands. Hand-rub the legs until they are warm, then 
wrap them in cotton and apply flannel or Derby bandages from 
the hoofs to the knees and hocks. If the legs can not be made 
warm with hand rubbing alone, apply dry mustard. Rub in 
thoroughly and then put the bandages on; also rub mustard paste 
well over the side of the chest, covering the space beginning im- 
mediately behind the shoulder blade and running back about eigh- 
teen inches, and from the median line beneath the breast to within 
ten inches of the ridge of the backbone. Repeat the application 
to the side of the chest about three days after the first one is ap- 
plied. 
Compel the animal to inhale steam from a bucketful of boiling 
water containing a tablespoonful of oil of turpentine and spirits of 
camphor, as advised for cold in the head. In serious cases the steam 
should be inhaled every hour, and in any case the oftener it is done 
the greater will be the beneficial results. Three times a day admin- 
ister an electuary containing acetate of potash (2 drams), with lico- 
rice and molasses or honey. It is well to keep a bucketful of cold 
water before the animal all the time. If the horse is prostrated and 
has no appetite, give the following drench: Spirits of nitrous ether, 
