DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 141 
HEMATURIA (BLOODY URINE). 
Cause.—As seen in the horse, bloody urine is usually the direct 
result of mechanical injuries, as sprains and fractures of the loins, 
lacerations of the sublumbar muscles (psoas), irritation caused by 
stone in the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra. It may, however, 
occur with acute congestion of the kidney, with tumors in its sub- 
stance, or with papilloma or other diseased growth in the bladder. 
Acrid diuretic plants present in the feed may also lead to the escape 
of blood from the kidney. The predisposition to this affection is, 
however, incomparably less than in the case of the ox or the sheep, 
the difference being attributed to the greater plasticity of the horse’s 
blood in connection with the larger quantity of fibrin. 
The blood may be present in small clots or in more or less intimate 
admixture with the urine. Its condition may furnish some indication 
as to its source; thus, if from the kidneys it is more liable to be uni- 
formly diffused through the urine, while as furnished by the bladder 
or passages clots are more liable to be present. Again, in bleeding 
from the kidney, minute, cylindrical clots inclosing blood globules 
and formed in the uriniferous tubes can be detected under the micro- 
scope. Precision also may be approximated by observing whether 
there is coexisting fracture, sprain of the loins, or stone or tumor in 
the bladder or urethra. 
' Treatment.—The disease being mainly due to direct injury, treat- 
ment will consist, first, in removing such cause whenever possible, and 
then in applying general and local styptics. Irritants in feed must 
be avoided, sprains appropriately treated, and stone in bladder or 
urethra removed. Then give mucilaginous drinks (slippery elm, lin- 
seed tea) freely, and styptics (tincture of chlorid of iron 3 drams, 
acetate of lead one-half dram, tannic acid one-half dram, or oil of 
turpentine 1 ounce). If the discharge is abundant, apply cold water 
to the loins and keep the animal perfectly still. 
HEMOGLOBINURIA (AZOTURIA, AZOTEMIA, POISONING BY 
ALBUMINOIDS). 
Like diabetes, this is rather a disease of the liver and blood-form- 
ing functions than of the kidney, but as prominent symptoms are loss 
of control over the hind limbs and the passage of ropy and dark- 
colored urine, the vulgar idea is that it is a disorder of the urinary 
organs. It is a complex affection directly connected with a plethora 
in the blood of nitrogenized constituents, with extreme nervous and 
muscular disorder and the excretion of a dense reddish or brownish 
urine. It is directly connected with high feeding, especially on 
highly nitrogenized feed (oats, beans, peas, vetches, cottonseed meal), 
and with a period of idleness in the stall under full rations. The 
disease is never seen at pasture, rarely under constant daily work, 
