DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 167 
DEGENERATION OF THE TESTICLES. 
The testicles may become the seat of fibrous, calcareous, fatty, 
cartilaginous, or cystic degeneration, for all which the appropriate 
treatment is castration. They also become the seat of cancer, glan- 
ders, or tuberculosis, and castration is requisite, though with less 
hope of arresting the disease. Finally, they may become infested 
with cystic tapeworms or the agamic stage of a strongyle (Stronglyus 
edentatus). 
WARTS ON THE PENIS. 
These are best removed by twisting them off, using the thumb 
and forefinger. They may also be cut off with scissors and the roots 
cauterized with nitrate of silver. 
DEGENERATION OF PENIS (PAPILLOMA, OR EPITHELIOMA). 
The penis of the horse is subject to great cauliflower-like growths 
on its free end, which extend back into the substance of the organ, 
obstruct the passage of urine, and cause very fetid discharges. The 
only resort is to cut them off, together with whatever portion of the 
penis has become diseased and indurated. The operation, which 
should be performed by a veterinary surgeon, consists in cutting 
through the organ from its upper to its lower aspect, twisting or 
tying the two dorsal arteries, and leaving the urethra longer by half 
an inch to 1 inch than the adjacent structures. 
EXTRAVASATION OF BLOOD IN THE PENIS. 
As the result of kicks, blows, or of forcible striking of the penis 
on the thighs of the mare which it has failed to enter, the penis 
may become the seat of effusion of blood from one or more ruptured 
blood vessels. This gives rise to a more or less extensive swelling 
on one or more sides, followed by some heat and inflammation, and 
on recovery a serious curving of the organ. The treatment in the 
early stages may be the application of lotions, of alum, or other 
astringents, to limit the effusion and favor absorption. The penis 
should be suspended in a sling. 
PARALYSIS OF THE PENIS. 
This results from blows and other injuries, and also in some cases 
from too frequent and exhausting service. The penis hangs from 
the sheath, flaccid, pendulous, and often cold. The passage of urine 
occurs with lessened force, and especially without the final jets. In 
cases of local injury the inflammation should first be subdued by 
astringent and emollient lotions, and in all cases the system should 
