DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 197 
ABNORMAL PRESENTATIONS. 
(Pls. XV-—XVIII.) 
Abnormal presentations may be tabulated ‘as follows: 
eee aed extended. Flexor tendons short- 
ened. 
Fore limbs. ......- Crossed over the neck. 
Bent back at the knee. 
Bent back from the shoulder. 
Bent downward on the neck. 
Head and neck turned back beneath the breast. 
Turned to one side. 
Turned upward and backward on the back. 
Anterior pres- 
entations. Head 
Hind limbs........ Hind feet engaged in the pelvis. 
Transverse... -. - ’.. Back of foal to side of pelvis. 
(Inverted........-. = of ae Hess a Pele, 
+4 ys ent on itself at the hock. 
Posterior pres- sepued Timbers 2 {Bent at the hip. 
entations. Transverse........ Back of foal to side of pelvis. 
Inverted....-..... Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 
With back and loins presented. 
Transverse presentation of body... {With breast and belly presented. 
Fore LIMBS INCOMPLETELY EXTENDED.—In cases of this kind, not 
only are the back tendons behind the knee and shank bone unduly 
short, but the sinew extending from the front of the shoulder blade 
over the front of the elbow and down to the head of the shank bone 
is also shortened. The result is that the fore limb is bent at the knee 
and the elbow is also rigidly bent. The condition obstructs parturi- 
tion by the feet becoming pressed against the floor of the pelvis or 
by the elbow pressing on its anterior brim. Relief is to be obtained 
by forcible extension. A rope with a running noose is passed around 
each fetlock and a repeller (see Plate XIV) planted in the breast 
is pressed in a direction upward and backward while active traction 
is made on the ropes. If the feet are not thereby raised from the 
floor of the pelvis the palm of the hand may be placed beneath them 
to protect the mucous membrane until they have advanced suffi- 
ciently to obviate this danger. In the absence of a repeller, a smooth 
rounded fork handle may be employed. If the shortening is too 
great to allow of the extension of the limbs in this way, the tense 
tendons may be cut across behind the shank bone and in front of 
the elbow, and the limb will be easily straightened out. This is 
most easily done with an embryotomy knife furnished with a ring 
for the middle finger, so that the blade may be protected in the 
palm of the hand. (See Plate XIII, fig. 4.) 
ForE LIMB CROSSED OVER BACK OF NECK.—With the long fore limbs. 
of the foal this readily oecurs, and the resulting increase in thickness, 
both at the head and shoulder, offers a serious obstacle to progress. 
(See Plate XV, fig. 2.) The hand introduced into the passage de- 
tects the head and one fore foot, and farther back on the same side 
of the head the second foot, from which the limb may be traced 
obliquely across the back of the neck. 
