200 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
above rather than at one side, and is to be secured and brought for- 
ward in a similar manner. (Plate XVIII, fig. 2.) Ifa rope can be 
passed around the neck it will prove most effectual, as it naturally 
slides nearer to the head as the neck is straightened and ends by 
bringing the head within easy reach. 
HIND FEET ENGAGED IN PELVIs.—In this case fore limbs and head 
present naturally, but the hind limbs bent forward from the hip and 
the loins arched allow the hind feet also to enter the passages, and 
the further labor advances the more firmly does the body of the foal 
become wedged into the pelvis (Plate XVII, fig. 2.) The condition 
is to be recognized by introducing the oiled hand along the belly of 
the fetus, when the hind feet will be felt advancing. An attempt 
should at once be made to push them back, one after the other, over 
the brim of the pelvis. Failing in this, the mare may be turned on 
her back, head downhill, and the attempt renewed. If it is possible 
to introduce a straight rope carrier, a noose passed through this may 
be put on the fetlock and the repulsion thereby made more effective. 
In case of continued failure the anterior presenting part of the body 
may be skinned and cut off as far back toward the pelvis as possible 
(see “ Embryotomy ”’) ; then nooses are placed on the hind fetlocks 
and traction is made upon these while the quarters are pushed back 
into the womb. Then the remaining portion is brought away by the 
posterior presentation. 
ANTERIOR PRESENTATION WITH BACK TURNED TO ONE SIDE.—The 
diameter of the axis of the foal, like that of the pelvic passages, is 
from above downward, and when the fetus enters the pelvis with 
this greatest diameter engaged transversely or in the narrow diame- 
ter of the pelvis, parturition is rendered difficult or impossible. In 
such a case the pasterns and head may be noosed, and the passages 
and engaged portion of the foal freely lubricated with lard, the 
limbs may be crossed over each other and the head, and a movement 
of rotation effected in the fetus until its face and back are turned 
up toward the croup of the mother; then parturition becomes 
natural. 
Back OF FOAL TURNED TO FLOOR OF PELVIS.—In a roomy mare this 
is not an insuperable obstacle to parturition, yet it may seriously 
impede it, by reason of the curvature of the body of the foal being 
opposite to that of the passages, and the head and withers being 
liable to arrest against the border of the pelvis. Lubrication of the 
passage with lard and traction of the limbs and head will usually 
suffice with or without the turning of the mare on her back. 
In obstinate cases two other resorts are open: First, to turn the 
foal, pushing back the fore parts and bringing up the hind so as to 
make a posterior presentation, and, second, the amputation of the 
fore limbs, after which extraction will usually be easy. 
