240 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
cystitis has been observed. The adipose tissue throughout the carcass 
may show a pronounced icteric appearance in certain cases. On re- 
moving the bones of the skull the brain appears to be normal macro- 
scopically in a few instances, but in most cases the veins and capil- 
laries of the meninges of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and occasionally 
the medulla is distinctly dilated and engorged, and in a few cases 
there are pronounced lesions of a leptomeningitis. An excessive quan- 
tity of cerebrospinal fluid is present in most of the cases. On the 
floor of the lateral ventricles of several brains there was noted a slight 
softening caused by hemorrhages into the brain substance. There is 
always an abundance of fluid in the subarachnoid spaces, ventricles, 
and at the base of the brain, usually of the color of diabetic urine, 
and containing a limited number of flocculi, but in a few cases it was 
slightly blood tinged. The spinal cord was not found involved in the 
few cases examined. 
Treatment.—One attack of the disease does not confer immunity. 
Horses have been observed which have recovered from two attacks, 
and still others that recovered from the first but died as a result of 
the second attack. 
Inasmuch as a natural immunity does not appear after an attack 
of cerebrospinal meningitis, it might be anticipated that serum 
of recovered cases would possess neither curative nor prophylactic 
qualities. Nevertheless, experiments have been made along these 
lines with serum from recovered cases, but without any positive 
results. Similar investigations have been conducted by others in 
Europe with precisely the same results. With the tendency of the 
disease to produce pathological lesions in the central nervous system, 
it seems scarcely imaginable that a medicinal remedy will be found 
to heal these foci, and even when recovery takes place considerable 
disturbance in the functions, as blindness, partial paralysis, dumb- 
ness, etc., is liable to remain. Indeed, when the disease once be- 
comes established in an animal, drugs seem to lose their physio- 
logical action. Therefore, with all the previously mentioned facts 
before us, it is evident that the first principle in the treatment of 
this disease is prevention, which consists in the exercise of proper 
care in feeding only clean, well-cured forage and grain and pure 
water. These measures when faithfully carried out check the de- 
velopment of additional cases of the disease upon the affected 
premises. 
While medicinal treatment has proved unsatisfactory in most 
cases, nevertheless the first indication is to clean out the digestive 
tract thoroughly, and to accomplish this prompt measures must be 
used early in the disease. Active and concentrated remedies should 
be given, preferably subcutaneously or intravenously, owing to the 
great difficulty in swallowing, even in the early stage. Arecolin in 
