DISEASES OF THE EYE, 2838 
ENTROPION AND ECTROPION, OR INVERSION AND EVERSION OF THE EYELID. 
These are respectively caused by wounds, sloughs, ulcers, or other 
causes of loss of substance of the mucous membrane on the inside of 
the lid and of the skin on the outside; also of tumors, skin diseases, 
or paralysis which leads to displacement of the margin of the eyelid. 
As a rule, they require a surgical operation, with removal of an ellip- 
tical portion of the mucous membrane or skin, as the case may be, but 
which requires the skilled and delicate hand of the surgeon. 
‘TRICHIASIS. 
This consists in the turning in of the eyelashes so as to irritate the 
front of:the éye. If a single eyelash, it may be snipped off with scis- 
sors close to the margin of the eyelid or pulled out by the root with a 
pair of flat-bladed forceps. If the divergent lashes are more numer- 
ous, the treatment may be as for entropion, by excising an elliptical 
portion of skin opposite the offending lashes and stitching the edges 
together, so as to draw outward the margin of the lid at that point. 
WARTS AND OTHER TUMORS OF THE EYELIDS. 
The eyelids form a favorite site for tumors, and above all, warts, 
which consist in a simple diseased overgrowth (hypertrophy) of the 
surface layers of the skin. If small, they may be snipped off with 
scissors or tied around the neck with a stout, waxed thread and left 
to drop off, the destruction being completed, if necessary, by the 
daily application-of a piece of sulphate of copper (blue vitriol), 
until any unhealthy material has been removed. If more widely 
spread, the wart may. still be clipped off with curved scissors or 
knife, and the caustic thoroughly applied day by day. 
A bleeding wart, or erectile tumor, is more liable to bleed, and is 
best removed by constricting its neck with the waxed cord or rubber 
band, or if too broad it may be transfixed through its base by a 
needle armed with a double thread, which is then to be cut in two 
and. tied around the two portions of the neck of the tumor. If still 
broader, the armed needle may be carried through the base of the 
tumor at regular intervals, so that the whole may be tied in moder- 
ately sized sections. 
In gray and in white horses black, pigmentary tumors (melanotic) 
are common on the black portions of skin, such as the eyelids, and are 
to be removed by scissors or knife, according to their size. In the 
horse: they do not usually tend to recur when thoroughly removed, 
but at times they prove cancerous (as is the rule in man), and then 
they tend to reappear in the same site or in internal organs with, it 
may be, fatal effect. 
