288 DISEASES:OF THE HORSE. 
eyelids.” In the absence of anything better, cold water may serve 
every purpose. Above all, adhesive and oily agents (molasses, sugar, 
fats) are to be avoided, as only adding to the irritation. By way of 
suggesting agents that may be used with good effect, salt and sulphate 
of soda may be named, in solutions double the strength of sulphate of 
zinc, or 7 grains of nitrate of silver may be added to a quart of dis- 
tilled water, and will be found especially applicable in granular con- 
junctivitis, diphtheria, or commencing ulceration. A cantharides 
blister (1 part of Spanish fly to 4 parts lard) may be rubbed on the 
side of the face.3 inches below the eye, and washed off next morning 
with soapsuds and oiled daily till the scabs are dropped. 
WHITE SPECKS AND CLOUDINESS OF THE CORNEA. 
As a result of external ophthalmia, opaque specks, clouds, or hazi- 
ness are too often left on the cornea and require for their removal 
that they be daily touched with a soft feather dipped in a solution of 
3 grains nitrate of silver in 1 ounce distilled water. This should be 
applied until all inflammation has subsided, and until its contact is 
comparatively painless. It is rarely successful with an old, thick scar 
following an ulcer, nor with an opacity having red blood vessels 
running across it. 
ULCERS OF THE CORNEA. 
These may be treated with nitrate of silver lotion of twice the 
strength used for opacities. Powdered gentian, one-half ounce, and 
sulphate of iron, one-fourth ounce, daily, may improve the general 
health and increase the reparatory power. 
INTERNAL OPHTHALMIA CIRITiIS, CHOROIDITIS, AND RETINITTS). 
Although inflammations of the iris, choroid, and retina—the inner, 
vascular, and nervous coats of the eye—occur to a certain extent inde- 
pendently of each other, yet one usually supervenes upon the other, 
and, as the symptoms are thus made to coincide, it will be best for 
our present purposes to treat the three as one disease. 
Causes.—The causes of internal ophthalmia are largely those of the 
external form only, acting with greater intensity or on a more suscep- 
tible eye. Severe blows, bruises, punctures, etc., of the eye, the 
penetration of foreign bodies into the eye (thorns, splinters of iron, 
etc.), sudden transition from a dark stall to bright sunshine, to the 
glare of snow or water, constant glare from a sunny window, abuse 
of the overdraw checkrein, vivid lightning flashes, drafts of cold, 
damp air; above all, when the animal is perspiring, exposure in cold 
rain or snowstorms, swimming cold rivers; also certain general 
diseases like rheumatism, arthritis, influenza, and disorders of the 
