LAMENESS: ITS CAUSES AND TREATMENT. 369 
action in the suspensory muscles. There are often heat, pain, and 
swelling in the muscular mass at the elbow, though at times a 
hollow, or depression, may be observed near the posterior border of 
the scapula, which is probably the seat of injury. 
These hurts are of various degrees of importance, varying from 
mere minor casualties of quick recovery to lesions which are of sufli- 
cient severity to render an animal useless and valueless for life. 
Treatment.—The prime elements of treatment, which should be 
strictly observed, are rest and quiet. Prescriptions of all kinds, of 
course, have their advocates. Among them are ether, chloroform, 
camphor, alcoholic frictions, warm fomentations, blisters, setons, etc. 
Unless the conclusions of experience are to be ignored, my own 
judgment is decisive in favor of rest, judiciously applied, however, 
and my view of what constitutes a judicious application of rest has 
been more than once presented in these pages. There are degrees of 
this rest. One contemplates simple immobility in a narrow stall. 
Another means the enforced mobility of the slings and a narrow stall 
as well. Another a box stall, with ample latitude as to posture and 
space, and option to stand or lie down. As wide as this range may 
appear to be, radical recovery has occurred under all of these 
modified forms of letting our patients alone. 
HIP LAMENESS. 
The etiology of injuries and diseases of the hip is one and the 
same with that of the shoulder. The same causes operate and the 
same results follow. The only essential change, with an important 
exception, which would be necessary in passing from one region to 
the other in a description of its anatomy, its physiology, and its 
pathology would be a substitution of anatomical names in reference 
to certain bones, articulations, muscles, ligaments, and membranes 
concerned in the injuries and diseases described. It would be only 
a useless repetition to cover again the ground over which we have so 
recently passed in recital of the manner in which certain forms of 
external violence (falls, blows, kicks, etc.) result in other certain 
forms of lesion (luxation, fracture, periostitis, ostitis, etc.), and to 
recapitulate the items of treatment and the names of the medica- 
ments proper to use. The same rules of diagnosis and the same indi- 
cations and prognosis are applicable equally to every portion of 
the organism, with only such modifications in applying dressings and 
apparatus as may be required by differences of conformation and 
other minor circumstances, which must suggest themselves to the 
judgment of every experienced observer when the occasion arrives 
for its exercise. 
36444°—16——24 
