DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 469 
BLEEDING SKIN ERUPTIONS, OR DERMATORRHAGIA PARASITICA, 
In China, Hungary, Spain, and other countries horses frequently: 
suffer from the presence of a threadworm (Milaria hemorrhagica 
Railliet, F. multipapillosa Condamine and Drouilly) in the sub- 
cutaneous connective tissue, causing effusions of blood under 
the scurf skin and incrustations of dried blood on the surface. 
The eruptions, which appear mainly on the sideg of the trunk, but 
may cover any part of the body, are rounded elevations about the 
size of a small pea, containing blood which bursts through the scurf 
skin and concretes like a reddish scab around the erect, rigid hairs. 
These swellings appear in groups, which remain out for several days, 
gradually diminishing in size; new groups appear after an interval 
of three or four weeks, the manifestation being confined to three or 
four months of spring and disappearing in winter. A horse will 
suffer for several years in succession and then permanently recover. 
A fatal issue is not unknown. To find the worm the hair is shaved 
from the part where the elevations are felt, and as soon as a bleeding 
point is shown the superficial layer is laid open with the knife, when 
the parasite will be seen drawing itself back into the parts beneath. 
The worm is about 2 inches long and like a stout thread, thicker 
toward the head than toward the tail, and with numerous little 
conical elevations (papilla) around the head. The young worms 
are numerous in the body of the adult female worm. The worm has 
become common in given localities, and probably enters the system 
with feed or water. 
Treatment is not satisfactory, but the affected surface should be 
kept clean by sponging, and the pressure of harness on any affected 
part must be avoided. Thus rest may become essential. The part 
may be frequently washed with a strong solution of potassium sul- 
hid. 
si SUMMER SORES FROM FILARIA IRRITANS. 
“The summer sores of horses (dermatitis granulosa, boils) have 
been traced to the presence in the skin of another parasite, 3 milli- - 
meters in length and extremely attenuated (Filaria irritans Railliet), 
The sores may be seen as small as a millet seed, but more frequently 
the size of a pea, and may become an inch in diameter. They may 
appear on any point, but are especially obnoxious where the har- 
ness presses or on the lower parts of the limbs. They cause intense 
and insupportable itching, and the victim rubs and bites the part 
until extensive raw surfaces are produced. Aside from such friction 
the sore is covered by a brownish-red, soft, pulpy material with 
cracks or furrows filled with serous pus. In the midst of the softened 
mass are small, firm, rounded granulations, fibrinous, and even 
caseated, and when the soft, pultaceous material has been scraped 
