INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 547 
susceptible of contracting the disease, and while some of these con- 
tract it as a general constitutional malady, in others it develops as 
only a local sore. 
In acute glanders the contagion is found in its most virulent form, 
as is shown by the inevitable infection of susceptible animals inocu- 
lated with the disease, while the discharge from chronic semilatent’ 
glanders and farcy may at times be inoculated with a negative result ; 
again, in acute glanders, as we have a free discharge, a much greater 
quantity of virus-containing matter is scattered in the neighborhood 
of an infected horse to serve as a contagion to others than is found 
in the small amount of discharge of the chronic cases. 
The chances of contagion are much greater when sound horses, 
asses, or mules are placed in the immediate neighborhood of glan- 
dered horses, drink from the same bucket, stand in the next stall, or 
work in the same wagon, or are fed from feed boxes or mangers 
which have been impregnated by the saliva and soiled by the dis- 
charge of sick animals. Transmission occurs by direct contact of 
the discharges of a glandered animal with the tissues of a sound one, 
either on the exterior, when swallowed mixed with feed into the 
digestive tract, or when dried and inhaled as dust. 
The stable attendants serve as one of the most common carriers of 
the virus. Dried or fresh discharges are collected from the infected 
animals in cleaning, harnessing, feeding, and by means of the hands, 
clothing, the teeth of the currycomb, the sponge, the bridle, and the 
halter, and are thus carried to other animals. 
An animal affected with chronic glanders in a latent form is moved 
from one part of the stable to another, or works hitched with one 
horse and then with another, and may be an active agent in the 
spreading of the disease without the cause being recognized. 
Glanders is found frequently in the most insidious forms, and we 
recognize that it can exist without being apparent; that is, it may 
affect a horse for a long period without showing any symptoms that 
will allow even the most experienced veterinarian to make a diag- 
nosis. An old gray mare belonging to a tavern keeper was reserved 
for family use with good care and light work for a period of eight 
years, during which time other horses in the tavern stable were from 
time to time affected with glanders without an apparent cause. The 
mare, whose only trouble was an apparent attack of heaves, was sold 
to a huckster who placed her at hard work. Want of: feed and over- 
work and exposure rapidly developed a case of acute glanders, from 
which the animal died, and at the autopsy were found the lesions of 
an acute pneumonia of glanders grafted on chronic lesions, consisting 
of old nodules which had undoubtedly existed for years. 
In a case that once came under the care of the writer, a coach horse 
was examined for soundness and passed as sound by a prominent 
