570 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
From experiments already conducted it appears that this disease, 
formerly supposed to be confined to Manitoba and Minnesota, is 
more or less prevalent in Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, 
Montana, North Dakota, Virginia, Texas, and New York. It also 
occurs in Europe, having been reported in Germany under the name 
of infectious anemia and in France as infectious typho-anemia. 
Symptoms.—The disease is characterized by a progressive perni- 
cious anemia, remittent fever, polyuria, and gradual emaciation in 
spite of a voracious appetite. It begins to manifest itself by a dull, 
listless appearance and by general weakness, the animal tiring very 
easily. This stage is followed closely by a staggering, swaying, un- 
certain gait, the hind legs being mostly affected. There is also noted 
a weakness and tenderness in the region of the loins, and at the same 
time the pulse, though weak, stringy, and intermittent, increases in 
rapidity and may run as high as 70. The temperature may rise to 
108° F. or higher, remaining high for several days, and then drop- 
‘ping to rise again irregularly. Toward the end of the disease the 
temperature occasionally remains persistently high. The horse may 
improve for a time, but usually this improvement is followed by a 
more severe attack than the first. Venous regurgitation is sometimes 
noticed in the jugular before death. The quantity of urine passed is 
enormous in some cases. Death finally occurs from exhaustion or 
syncope. 
The blood shows a slight decrease in the number of white blood 
cells, while there is a gradual but marked diminution of red cor- 
puscles, the count running as low as 2,000,000 per cubic millimeter, 
the normal count being 7,000,000. If the blood is drawn from such 
an animal, the resulting red clot will be about one-fifth of the amount 
drawn. Occasionally a slow dripping of blood-tinged serum from 
the nostrils is observed as a result of this very thin blood oozing 
from the mucuous membranes. Petechiw, or small hemorrhagic 
points, are sometimes noticed on the nictitating membrane and con- 
junctiva, while paleness of the visible mucous membranes of the 
nose and mouth is usually in evidence, although they may have a 
yellow or mahogany tinge. Often a fluctuating, pendulous swelling 
may appear on the lower lip, point of elbow, sheath, legs, under the 
belly, or on some other pendent portion, especially late in the disease, 
which is indicative of poor circulation, thinning of the blood, and 
consequent loss of capillary action. 
Lesions.—After death the carcass is found to be very much ema- 
ciated and anemic, the visible mucosa being very pale. This marked 
absence of adipose tissue makes the skinning of the animal a difficult 
task. Subcutaneous and intermuscular edema and hemorrhages are 
frequently observed, although in many cases it is remarkable to see 
how few macroscopic lesions may be present. The predominating 
