592 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
By the direction of the imaginary line passing through the long 
axes of the two pasterns (figs. 2, 4, 5) we determine whether or not 
the hoof and pasterns stand in proper mutual relation. 
In the regular standing position (fig. 2) the foot-axis runs straight 
downward and forward; in the base-wide position (fig. 3) it runs 
obliquely downward and outward, and in the base-narrow position 
(fig. 4) it runs obliquely downward and inward. 
Viewing the foot in profile, we distinguish the regular position 
(fig. 50) and designate all forward deviations as acute-angled (long 
toe and low heel, fig. 5a), and all deviations backward from the regu- 
lar (steep toe and high heel, fig. 5c) as steep-toed, or stumpy. When 
; the body weight is evenly 
i! j distributed over all four 
limbs, the foot-axis should 
be straight; the long pas- 
tern, short pastern, and 
wall at the toe should have 
the same slant. 
A front hoof of the reg- 
ular standing position.— 
Fic. 4.—Pair of fore feet of base-narrow form in toenarrow The outer wall is a little 
standing position. more slanting and some- 
what thicker than the inner. The lower border of the outer quarter 
describes the arc of a smaller circle—that is, is more sharply bent 
than the inner quarter. The weight falls near the center of the foot 
and is evenly distributed over the whole bottom of the hoof. The 
toe forms an angle with the ground of 45° to 50° and is parallel to 
‘A 
‘ 
Fic. 5.—a, Side view of an acute-angled fore foot (shed) ; b, side view of a regular fore foot, 
showing the most desirable degree of obliquity (34°); c. side view of a stumpy, or “ up- 
right,” fore foot ; obliquity above 50°. In a, b, c, note particularly the relation between 
the length of the shoe and the overhanging of the heels. Note also the toe roll of the 
shoes. : 
the direction of the long pastern. The toe points straight ahead, and 
when the horse is moving forward in a straight line the hoofs are 
picked up and carried forward in a line parallel to the middle line 
of the body, and are set down flat. Coming straight toward the 
observer the hoofs seem to rise and fall perpendicularly. 
