602 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 
In the large cities of England and the United States rubber pads 
are extensively used. They are rather expensive, but are quite effi- 
cient in preventing slipping on polished and gummy pavements, 
though not so effective on ice. 
Figure 11 is an illustration of one 
of the best of many rubber pads. 
The rubber is stitched and ce- 
mented to a leather sole and is 
secured by the nails of a three- 
quarter shoe. Such a pad will 
usually last as long as two shoes. 
Thev may be used continuously, 
Fig, 12.—.\ narrow right fore hoof of the 
base-wide (toe-wide) standing position, 
shod with a plain “ dropped-crease ” 
shoe to prevent the toe cutting (interfer- 
ing). The dotted line at the inner toe 
indicates the edge of the wall which 
was rasped away in order to narrow the 
hoof along the striking section. Note 
the inward bevel of the shoe at this 
point, the dropped crease, the distribu- 
Fic, 11.—Left fore hoof of regular. form shod tion of the nails, the long “ full” inner 
with a rubber pad and “ three-quarter ” branch, and the short “close” outer 
shoe, (Ground surface.) - branch. 
not only without injury to the hoof, but to its great benefit. The 
belief, unsupported by evidence, that rubber pads “draw the feet” 
keeps many from using them. A human foot encased in a rubber 
boot may eventually be blistered by the sweat poured upon the sur- 
face of the skin and held there by the impervious rubber till decom- 
position takes place with the formation of irritating fatty acids; 
but there is no basis for an analogy in the hoof of a horse. 
OTHER SPECIAL FORMS. 
Some drawings, designed to illustrate shoeing in connection with 
“interfering” and “forging,” and other special conditions, are 
shown in figures 18 to 18. 
