146 MANAGEMENT AND BREEDING OF HORSES 



223 from Arabia and other foreign countries, and in ad- 

 dition purchased 853 from the northern counties of 

 France and selected 826 from the government studs, 

 making a total of 1,902 stallions. It was at the close of 

 this period that the French Jockey Club was organized 

 and the stud book adopted by royal decree, which did 

 much to further the industry. 



In 1870, the management of the government studs was 

 given to the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 

 The general control of all government studs was placed 

 in charge of a director, who is assisted by sub-directors, 

 inspectors, superintendents and veterinarians. Another 

 significant fact in this control is that to hold one of the 

 offices one must be a graduate of the horse department 

 at Le Pin. Perhaps this contributes to the general uni- 

 formity of the horses throughout France more than any 

 other single factor, and is in striking contrast to Amer- 

 ican methods as brought about by the various states' 

 stallion laws, where instead of a few inspectors with a 

 common type, there are many inspectors with equally 

 as many types (p. 430). 



Classes of public stallions in France. — There are three 

 classes of public stallions standing in France : First, 

 stallions owned in the government studs. In 1910 the 

 number owned was 3,445, of which 2,214 were French 

 Coach, 664 draft and 567 Thoroughbreds. Second, 

 stallions owned privately, but approved or subsidized by 

 the government. When thus approved the owners of 

 such stallions are allowed from 300 to 5,000 francs ($60 

 to $1,000) bonus, annually, from the Minister of Agricul- 

 ture. In 1910, there were 1,709 approved and subsidized 

 stallions of all types in France. Third, stallions that ara 

 authorized, having been passed upon by the officials and 

 found worthy of public service. In 1910, there were 191 

 authorized stallions of all types in France. All other 

 stallions are prevented by a law passed in 1885 from 

 standing for public service. 



