INDEX. 



287 



F 



■' Fatness " of leaves, 64 



Fermentation, definition, 30; distinc- 

 tion from decay and disease, 30 ; 

 alcoliolic, 31; by-products in al- 

 coholic, 31 ; zymase in alcoholic, 

 33 ; amount of alcohol formed by 

 fungi, 31, 33, 34; lactic, 34; bu- 

 tyric, 34; oxidizing, 34, 85; ace- 

 tic, 35 ; disease, 35 ; diphtheria, 

 85; mixed, 36 



Fermentations, 30-37 



Fertilization, essential feature of, 359; 

 advantage, 260, 361; processes 

 succeeding, 188; chemical, 330, 

 331, 260 



Fischer's hypothesis, 63 



Flower-forming substances, 278 



Food, influence on reproduction, 365, 

 366, 273, 274 



Food distribution. Chapter IV., 103- 

 161 ; translocation, 63, 155-|- 



Food manufacture, see Photosynthe- 

 sis, Nitrogenous foods 



Force exerted in growth, 174-176 ; in 

 geotropic bending, 208; by tur- 

 gor, 110, 111, 180, 131 



Formic aldehyd hypothesis, 61 ; &pi- 

 rogyra cultures as a test, 61 



G 

 Gall-insects, effect on growth of 



wood, 195 

 Galvanotaxis, see Electricity 

 Galvanotropism, see Electricity 

 Gases, movement, 103, 104 ; exchange 

 through stomata, 143 ; rate of dif- 

 fusion through stomata, 50; rate 

 through epidermal cells, 143; 

 movement, 151-|- ; pressures with- 

 in plant, 151-154; composition of 

 enclosed gases, 1.52-154; propor- 

 tion of air space in plants, 155 

 Geotropism, definition, 198; of roots, 

 198-306; sensitive region, 200, 

 201; region of response, 300; la- 



tent period, 301 ; transmission of 

 stimulus, 201, 208, 304; nature 

 of stimulus, 301, 303; effect of 

 stimulus in cell, 203; position of 

 greatest sensitiveness, 204; rela- 

 tion of sensitive parts to light, 

 207, 214, 215; force exerted in 

 bending, 308; comparison with 

 heliotropism, 315 



Germination, 9, 10; influence of elec- 

 tricity, 239; influence of light, 

 213; influence of contact, 340, 

 247 



Gravitation, 196-208 ; opposed by air, 

 water, soil, 197; effect on rate of 

 growth, 197; effect on first divi- 

 sions of egg, 198, 199 ; immediate 

 effects in sensitive parts, 197; ef- 

 fect on parts of different specific 

 gravity in cell, 202; chemical 

 changes in cell in response, 203. 

 See also Geotropism 



Growth, Chapter V., pp. 162-183; 

 effect on respiration, 38 ; depend- 

 ence upon irritability, 162-164, 

 183, 340, etc.; definition, 164, 

 165; relation of cell division, 

 165; stages, 166; relation of 

 water, 167; factors making pos- 

 sible, 168; time of most rapid, 

 169-171 ; periodicity, 170, 171 ; ir- 

 regularity, 171 ; relation of tur- 

 gor, 171-178; relation of mechan- 

 ical restraint, 174, 187; force 

 exerted, 174-176; measuring in- 

 struments, 177; rates of, 177- 

 179; maximum size, 180-182; pro- 

 portion between cytoplasm and 

 nucleus, 181 



H 



Halophytes, 94, 95; resemblance to 

 Haustoria, 345; xetrophytes, 95 



Heat, one of the conditions of life, 6 ; 

 minimum, optimum, and maxi- 

 mum temperatures, 319, 230; ef- 

 fect on rate of movements, 331, 



