THE DIGESTION OF FEEDS 27 
and the abdominal muscles. ‘A portion of the softened mass is 
pressed at a time and conveyed into the mouth by a reverse, so- 
called peristaltic motion of the gullet. In the mouth it is chewed 
a second time and swallowed again. By the second chewing the 
cud or “bolus” is reduced to a pasty pulp, and it now passes 
directly through the cesophagus groove into the third stomach, the 
manyplies, without opening the slit in the gullet leading into the 
paunch. The manyplies has numerous hard, fleshy leaves, between. 
ee - E a 
FY 
Fic. 7.—The digestive apparatus of ruminants (a full-grown sheep): A, Rumen or 
paunch; B, reticulum or honeycomb; C, omasum or manyplies; D, abomasum or rennet 
stomach (fourth stomach); E, oesophagus or gullet, opening into first and second stomachs; 
F, opening of fourth stomach into small intestines; G, opening of second stomach into third; 
H, opening of third stomach into fourth. The lines indicate the course of the feed in the 
stomachs. (U. 8S. Department of Agriculture.) 
which the soft mass is pressed, allowing the liquid portion to pass 
into the fourth stomach, and the balance of the mass is likewise 
gradually emptied into this stomach. 
The Non-ruminants.—In the case of the non-ruminating ani- 
mals the feed passes directly from the cesophagus into the single 
stomach. In the horse this has two divisions: The lining of 
the left one does not secrete any digestive fluid, but the action of 
the saliva swallowed with the feed is continued here, and the fer- 
ments found in the feed itself (e.g., in the case of oats) may also 
