58 PRINCIPLES OF FEEDING FARM ANIMALS : 
. The largest amount of digestible matter was obtained at the: 
time of the second cutting in “these trials, when the growing crop 
was about one-third in bloom. It is generally recommended to cut 
alfalfa at this stage of growth, or when between one-tenth to one; 
third of the plants are in bloom. It will be found, on examination, 
that new shoots are coming up from the crown of the roots at this 
time. The cutting should not be delayed until these are sufficiently 
high to be injured, as the yield of the next crop would be greatly 
reduced thereby.. The exact time to begin cutting alfalfa will 
naturally vary somewhat according to the area to be cut, the 
weather, and other conditions. The difficulty of making a good 
quality of hay from alfalfa that is past bloom, and the large losses 
of leaves in this case, render it important not to delay the cutting 
beyond the time stated above. 
Hay Crops.—The changes i in the chemical composition of the 
hay crops during the growing season, in so far as they have been 
studied, appear to be similar to those of alfalfa, and show that 
these increase in fiber as the plants grow older, and that the nitro- 
gen-free extract changes but little, with the other components de- 
creasing to a considerable extent.® In the case of Indian corn, on 
the other hand, like all grain crops as well as roots and tubers, so 
far as is known, the highest yield of feed materials is obtained at 
maturity. 
While the best time of cutting hay will vary somewhat according 
to the use for which it is intended, we note that early-cut hay has, 
in general, a higher feeding value, ton for ton, than late-cut hay; 
it is better, therefore, to cut too early than to delay the cutting 
until past bloom. Practical experience has also shown that the 
best time for cutting hay is, in general, shortly before bloom or 
during the early bloom. When the hay is intended for horses or 
fattening cattle, later cutting may be practised, since these animals 
relish late-cut hay and are fed hay more for the filling and less 
for the nutriment it supplies than is the case with dairy cows, 
young stock, and sheep. 
The method of harvesting or preparation of feeding stuffs, 
furthermore, affects their chemical composition and value. Dried 
green grass and carefully cured hay have been found to have a 
similar value as an equivalent of fresh green grass; the only appre- 
ciable difference in chemical composition comes from the water 
content of the three materials. Under ordinary practical conditions, 
certain losses from leaves and tender stems in hay-making cannot, 
8 Fraps, “ Principles of Agricultural Chemistry,” p. 381. 
