PART II 
- DESCRIPTION OF FEEDING STUFFS 
A. COARSE FEEDS 
CHAPTER XII 
GREEN FORAGE AND HAY CROPS 
Farm animals depend on green feed for their sustenance for a 
considerable part of the year, the period varying according to cli- 
matic conditions, from about four months during the summer time 
in the North to nearly.the entire year in the regions more favored in 
this respect, in the South and Southwest. During this time the 
stock, as a general rule, receive no feed but what they find growing 
in the pasture, on the plains or mountain ranges. It is only in 
sections where somewhat intensive systems of farming have been 
introduced that other feed is provided for the stock during this 
period, as in the case of dairy cows in late summer and fall. Both 
because of the length of time during the year when farm animals 
depend wholly or mainly on pasture grass for their feed, and be- 
cause grazing is universal throughout the country at some time of 
the year, pasture grasses form a most important source of feed for 
our livestock. 
I. PASTURES 
Pastures.—We distinguish between -natural and artificial 
pastures. The former are self-sown and consist largely of native 
grasses. These are the permanent pastures generally found in hilly 
or wooded regions in the northern States and in the western United 
States, where wild native grasses cover the wide plains and ranges. 
With Spillman we may consider that the United States consists 
of six different agricultural sections, each one of which is char- 
acterized by the growth of special plants of agricultural value. 
These sections, with some of the main grasses and clovers grown in 
pastures and meadows i in the different sections, are given below,* 
1. The Timothy Region (northeastern part of the United States, as 
far south as a line from Virginia to Kansas, and east of a line from Kansas 
to eastern North Dakota) : Timothy mixed with red clover or pure seeding, 
red top, Kentucky blue grass, orchard grass, fescue grass. 
2. The Cotton Belt: Cowpeas, Johnson grass, soybeans, Bermuda grass, 
crab grass, Japan and crimson clover. 
+ Cyclopedia American Agriculture, vol. ii, p. 42. 
90 
