144 DESCRIPTION OF FEEDING STUFFS 
with great relish. As much as 40 to 50 pounds of apples may be fed 
daily per head to milch cows with good results. In experiments at’ 
the Vermont station*® apples were found to have about 40 per cent 
of the feeding value of corn silage when fed to dairy cows. They 
make an excellent swine feed, if fed either steamed or sliced with 
the grain feed, but should always be fed while fresh, before fer- 
mentations set in. According to the results of trials at the Utah 
station,?® apples have a similar feeding value for swine as grass 
pasture when fed with skim milk and shorts. The preceding re- , 
marks as to the value of apples for stock feeding hold good-also for ° 
other fruits—windfalls and culls of pears, prunes, figs, oranges, etc. 
They are especially adapted for fattening swine, and are quite 
generally so used in fruit-growing districts. 
The chemical composition of the more important fruits as given 
by the California station?® are shown below: 
Composition of Fruits, Edible Portion, in Per Cent 
Nitrogen- 
Water | Ash Protein | Fiber free Fat 
3 extract ; 
Apples): ss is22 sees veers 84.8 5 A. 1.5 12.5 3 
Oranges............006- 88.3 A 8 10.5 | 10.5 
PROBES scsi den trauscaui neuen 83.9 5 6 2.7 11.5 8 
Apricots.............+.. 85.1 5 1.0 13.4* 13.4* 
MES carcenend Gasiiheravalees redone 79.1 6 1.5 18.8* 18.8* 
MGAP OS asec nets ater eneiiers | 80.1 5 1.3 = ee 
PLUMS) 6 cere sss Sarge sees 78.4 5 1.0 20.2* 20.2* 
Watermelons............ 90.3 8 ‘Ll 7.9* 7.9* 
* Chiefly sugar. 
The main portion of the nitrogen-free extract of the fruits con- 
sists of different sugars (fructose, dextrose, and.some sucrose). 
Organic acids (chiefly malic acid), pectin and dextrin, starch and 
pentosans, etc., are also present. The nutritive ratio of apples .is 
about 1:44.2; that of apple pomace (the residue obtained in-the - 
manufacture of apple cider), 1:24.73 pears, 1:33.7; oranges, 
1: 10.9; figs, 1:16; watermelons, 1: 9.7, etc. 
According to Jaffa and Anderson, 100 pounds of apples have a 
feeding value equivalent to 20 pounds of alfalfa hay, 15 pounds of 
corn or barley, or 18 pounds of wheat bran.* 
* Report 1901. * Bulletin 101. » Bulletin 132. _ 
71 A table showing the comparative values of fresh and dried fruits and 
hay, grains, etc., is published in ‘Califoriiia' ‘Bulletin 132, p. 52; see also 
Woll, “ Handbook for Farmers and Dairymen,” p. 19. 
