CHAPTER XV 
SILOS AND SILAGE 
A silo is an air-tight structure used for the preservation of 
forage crops in a succulent condition (Fig. 27). The green forage 
placed in the silo undergoes certain changes, through fermentation 
processes and respiration of the plant cells. The resulting feed is 
known as silage (formerly ensilage). 
While the history of the silo dates back to antiquity, it is only 
during relatively recent years that special silo structures have been 
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Fic. 27.—Stave silos. Dimensions, 12 feet in diameter, 36 feet high, capacity 84 tons. 
built in this country. The introduction of the silo on American 
farms may be said to date from the latter part of the eighties. The 
silo was first introduced into the dairy sections of the eastern and 
central States, the silage being made from Indian corn and used 
largely for feeding dairy cows. Gradually, however, the silo has 
spread to all kinds of stock farms, especially in the corn belt, and 
it is now a part of the permanent equipment on nearly all such farms 
where modern methods of management prevail. 
Silo Types.—The various steps in the evolution of silo buildings 
are as follows: First, a pit or trench dug in the ground; second, 
a square or rectangular, relatively shallow stone or wooden structure ; 
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