SILOS AND SILAGE 161 
Corn-soybean silage gave better results with dairy cows than straight 
soybean silage, in experiments by Professor Humphrey and the 
author at Wisconsin station.® 
Pea or corn cannery refuse is often put up in large silage 
stacks near the factories or in ordinary silos. It makes a valuable 
feed for fattening cattle, sheep, or dairy cows, and compares favor- 
ably with corn silage; by some feeders it is considered superior to 
this silage, especially for dairy cows. It is also fed to horses, mules, 
and hogs to a limited extent.*° Like other kinds of silage, it should 
be fed with dry hay or cornstalks, and, for best results, with some 
grain feed, and not as exclusive feed, as is sometimes done. 
Green oats and other cereal fodders are occasionally siloed when 
grown for forage or in case they cannot be used for grain. They 
are cut when the kernels are past the milky stage and filled into the 
silo after having been run through a cutter. If the grain has be- 
come nearly ripe, it is necessary to add considerable water to the 
green fodder as it goes into the silo, either through the blower or in 
the silo after each load, and the cut mass must be carefully dis- 
tributed in the silo and tramped down along the wall of the silo. 
Oat silage made in this manner is of excellent quality and furnishes 
a very palatable, nutritious feed for cattle and sheep. 
Beet tops and leaves are generally siloed in European beet-: 
growing countries by being placed in large trenches in the field and 
covering these with boards or straw and a layer of dirt. Preserved 
in this way, they make a slimy, strong-smelling silage, which is, 
however, greatly relished by milch cows*and fed heavily on the 
dairy farms on the Continent. Because of the shallowness of the 
pits, large losses of feed materials are sustained. by this method 
of siloing, viz., 25 to 33 per cent or more of the dry matter in the 
leaves and tops. 
Beet pulp is preserved in similar trenches or shallow pits in the 
western States where the manufacture of beet sugar is an important 
industry. The siloed (“cured”) beet pulp is an excellent feed for 
fattening steers, sheep, or dairy cows; as it is made mostly in re- 
gions where alfalfa is the main hay crop, it is generally fed with al- 
falfa hay, which it supplements nicely, being high in insoluble carbo- 
hydrates (2.8 per cent) and relatively low in protein (1.0 per cent 
crude protein and 0.3 per cent digestible crude protein). Its feed- 
ing value may be considered equal to about one-half that of corn 
silage. Of other materials made into silage may be mentioned: 
® Report 21, p. 67; Cornell Bulletin 310. 
* Bureau of Plant Industry, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Circular 45, 
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