180 DESCRIPTION OF FEEDING STUFFS 
wheat, and to avoid the germ and the bran, including the aleurone 
layer, which would give an undesirable yellow tinge to the flour 
and lower its keeping quality. There are considerable differences 
in the nomenclature of mill feeds adopted by millers in different 
sections of the country, but the more common terms recognized by 
the trade are wheat bran, shorts or standard middlings, white 
middlings, and red-dog flour. 
Wheat bran is rich in protein and fat, and also in fiber, the 
average percentages of these components being about 15, 4, and 
10 per cent, respectively. Its digestibility is lower than ‘that of 
the cereals, viz., dry matter 66 per cent, protein 77 per cent, fiber 
41 per cent, nitrogen-free extract 71 per cent, fat 63 per cent, 
making the percentage of digestible components: 
Protein 11.9 per cent, 
Carbohydrates and fat 47.6 per cent (N.R., 1: 4.0). 
Bran is rich in mineral matter, and contains about 80 per cent 
of the phosphorus of the wheat berry ; hence, it is very valuable as 
a source of this important element in feeding young, growing, or 
milk-producing animals. The ash is relatively poor in lime; in 
feeding wheat bran to the animals, it should, therefore, be supple- 
mented by hay of legumes, which is especially rich in this com- 
ponent. Wheat bran also contains 6 to 8 per cent of the organic 
phosphorus compound phytin, to mien constituent it largely owes 
its laxative properties. 
The wheat bran on the market is of two kinds: Country mill 
bran and roller or flaky bran. The former kind comes from small 
flour mills which do not have the perfect machinery for the separa- 
tion of starch-cells from the seed-coats that is found in large roller 
mills; this bran is, therefore, higher in starch and lower in protein 
and fiber than roller bran. The value of the two kinds for feeding 
purposes will depend largely on the combinations in which it is fed, 
and the kind of animals fed. While roller bran supplies more 
protein than does country mill bran, its digestibility is likely to be 
somewhat lower on account of its larger fiber content. The differ- 
ences in the nutritive values of the two kinds of bran are, in general, 
small, however, making it advisable, in case both kinds are avail- 
able, to select whichever can be obtained at the lower price. 
Wheat bran is often high-priced in comparison with other de- 
sirable’ concentrates, and farmers should study the market prices 
of different feeds and the feed bulletins issued by the various ex- 
periment stations so as to be able to take advantage of low market 
prices for other feeds that may serve their purpose equally well. 
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