186 DESCRIPTION OF FEEDING STUFFS 
products, it is of rather uniform quality and free from adultera- 
tions. 
Rice By-products.—In the milling of rice several by- -products 
are obtained which are used for stock feeding. The rice grains 
are covered by two layers: The outer coat, a hard, chaffy husk which 
is easily removed, and the inner coat, a closely-fitting cuticle or 
skin. The removal of these coatings and the manufacture of 
marketable rice are done by three operations: Husking, hulling, 
and polishing. Husking is accomplished by passing the rice be- 
tween revolving millstones, which are set far enough apart to 
erack the hull and allow the rice to fall out without cracking 
it too much. The hulls are not removed completely, there being 
always some grains which retain their husk. The by-product from 
this process is rice hulls. The rice is next passed through one or 
more hullers, which remove the cuticle or skin. The products of 
this machine are rice bran, some flour, and clean rice. The final 
process consists in polishing the rice, which is done in a special 
machine and gives the rice its lustre. The by-product from this 
process is a finely-powdered material, known as rice polish. Three 
by-products used for stock feeding are thus obtained in these 
processes, viz., rice hulls, rice meal, and rice polish. 
Rice hulls are used as a fuel at the mills and for packing eggs, 
etc.; they are also sometimes ground and sold as “husk meal” or 
“ Star bran,” or used as an adulterant of rice bran. They are, how- 
ever, of no value as a feed, and are, in fact, injurious to stock, being 
provided with sharply-pointed fibers, which are strongly impreg- 
nated with silica. When taken into the stomach and intestines of an 
animal they provoke an intense irritation of the delicate membranes 
of these tracts, and may cause impaction of the bowels; fatalities 
are on record resulting from animals eating rice hulls or rice bran 
adulterated with hulls.® 
The average chemical composition of the rice by-products is 
shown in the following table: 
Composition of Rice By-products, in Per Cent 
| Nitrogen- 
Ash Protein Fiber free Fat 
extract 
Rice hulls...............- 15.6 3.2 36.2 35.2 1.0 
Rice bran.... a 9.7 11.9 12.0 46.6 10.1 
Rice polish... 4.8 11.9 3.3 62.3 7.2 
® Browne, Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer, June 13, 1903; 
Louisiana Bulletin 77. 
