SUGAR FACTORY FEEDS AND OIL MEALS 193 
iimited quantities to all classes of farm animals, except, perhaps, to 
pigs; according to reports by the Cornell* and Utah stations,” it is 
injurious as a swine feed and likely to produce a poor quality of 
pork. 
Cane molasses (black-strap molasses) differs from beet molasses 
mainly in the composition of the non-nitrogenous constituents and 
in its smaller protein and ash contents. Unlike beet molasses, it 
has a sweet taste and is greatly relished by farm animals. It is 
fed largely in the South to horses, mules, and fattening steers. 
According to the Louisiana station,? horses and mules on many 
sugar plantations in the State are fed as much as 10 pounds black- 
strap daily, per head, with excellent results, both as to the cost of 
the ration and its effect on the health of the animals and their 
working capacity. The Massachusetts station found that one gal- 
lon (12 pounds) of molasses makes a good carbohydrate feed for 
horses; a similar amount may be fed to fattening steers as a 
maximum allowance.* Cane molasses is especially valuable on 
account of its high sugar content and its palatability; it serves a 
useful purpose as an appetizer and for utilizing low-grade ma- 
terials for stock feeding. It is often used for preparing animals 
for shows and sales, as it gives them a thrifty appearance and a 
smooth, shiny coat. It should be fed only in moderate amounts for 
breeding animals. 
Beet pulp is obtained in large quantities as a by-product at beet- 
sugar factories. The carefully-cleaned beets are cut into thin, V- 
shaped sections, and the sugar contained therein is extracted by the 
so-called diffusion process by treatment with warm water in a 
battery of especially-constructed diffusion cells. The juice thus 
obtained is purified with lime and sulfur dioxide and evaporated 
until the sugar begins to crystallize out. Molasses is obtained as 
a residue after the crystallizable sugar (sucrose) has been removed 
so far as possible. The extracted beet pulp, as it comes from the 
diffusion cells, corftains 80 to over 90 per cent water and only a 
small amount of sugar (1 to 2 per cent). It is, however, relatively 
high in other carbohydrates, and has been found to have about the 
same feeding value as beets, per unit of dry matter contained in 
both. Its feeding value may be considered one-half that of corn 
silage. The Colorado station found that two tons of pulp are equiva- 
lent to one ton of roots in feeding value; this confirms the result 
+ Bulletin 199. 2 Bulletin 101. 2 Bulletin 86. 
Texas Bulletin 97; see also Massachusetts Bulletin 118. 
13 
