SUGAR FACTORY FEEDS AND OIL MEALS 195 
to equal a feed unit (p. 79). Dried beet pulp is often moistened 
with three to five times its weight of water about six hours before 
feeding time, especially on dairy farms where there is no silo. Some 
dairymen and farmers prefer feeding the pulp in this way. In 
case of heavy producing cows or steers, it is possible that they are 
induced to eat their feed with a keener appetite and to eat more 
when the dried pulp is fed moistened than when fed dry, but no 
decided advantage has been shown by this method of feeding. 
Beet molasses is sometimes added to the pulp in the factory 
as it goes to the drier; the resulting molasses beet pulp makes an 
excellent feed for dairy cows and sheep, being worth somewhat 
more than the plain dried pulp.’ It was found to have about one- 
tenth higher feeding value of corn for fattening lambs in experi- 
ments conducted at the Colorado station ; this is probably somewhat 
too high for an average figure. 
II, OIL MEALS 
The oil-bearing seeds that furnish by-products of value as stock 
feeds are: Flaxseed, cotton seed, coconut, soybean, and peanut, the 
last three to a limited extent only. 
Linseed Meal (Oil Meal).—Flaxseed (Fig. 37) is grown largely 
in the northwestern States, the Dakotas, and Minnesota, and the 
linseed oil mills are located in these and the central States. There 
are two methods of manufacture, known as (a) old-process and (0) 
new-process. , By the former method the cleaned and ground seeds 
are placed in large linen bags and subjected to heavy pressure until 
the residue forms. cakes about 1 inch thick and about 13 by 32 
inches (edges trimmed). The cakes are broken into small pieces 
or ground to a fine meal, usually the latter, which is generally sold 
as old-process linseed meal, or simply oil meal. 
In the new process of manufacture the flaxseed is ground and 
heated to about 160° F., and is then placed in large percolators 
holding about 1000 bushels or more. The seed is treated repeatedly 
with naphtha till practically all the oil is dissolved. Live steam 
is then introduced into the percolators and the naphtha gradually 
driven-out of the mass. The meal is transferred to steam-heated 
driers, and, when dried, elevated to the meal bins and sacked. The 
naphtha is evaporated from the oil solution, and commercial lin- 
seed oi] remains. 
7 Wisconsin Report 22, p. 108; see also Massachusetts Bulletin 99, 
Michigan Bulletin 220, 
