CHAPTER XIX 
ANIMAL FEEDS 
I. PACKING-HOUSE FEEDS 
The packing-house products used for feeding livestock are 
dried blood, tankage, meat scraps or meat meal, and bone meal. 
These feeds are especially valuable for feeding pigs, poultry, and 
other animals that require a considerable supply of nitrogenous and 
mineral components in their feed, and do not object to the animal 
odor of these feeds. The packing-house products are high-protein 
feeds, and those containing much bone, like meat scraps and tank- 
age, are rich in mineral matter, especially phosphoric acid and lime. 
Dried blood or blood meal contains over 80 per cent of protein, 
sometimes as high as 86 per cent, of which about nine-tenths is 
digestible, and the small amount of fat present therein has been 
found wholly digestible. Blood meal (blood flour) is used to some 
extent in feeding calves, being given in the skim milk, about a tea- 
spoonful per feed. This is considered an excellent source of protein 
for calves, and is also of value on account of its tonic effect. Other 
young stock may receive about one-fourth pound per day. per 100 
pounds, and older animals one to two pounds per head daily. The 
price of the blood meal stands in the way for. its more general use 
for older animals, however. It must also be fed mixed with other 
concentrates to such animals, as stock object to the animal odor of 
both blood and meat products. Digester tankage, meat meal, beef 
scraps, and similar feeds vary considerably in composition, accord- 
ing to their origin and the amount of bone which they contain. 
They should always be bought on definite guarantees of protein’ 
and fat contents. 
Tankage makes a valuable swine and poultry feed. It is made 
from fresh meat scraps, fat trimmings, and scrap bones. These 
are thoroughly cooked in large steel tanks under live steam pressure, 
by which method the tallow is separated. The steam is then turned 
off, and, when the mass has settled, the tallow is drawn off. The 
residue is kept agitated and dried till it contains about 8 per cent 
water, and the tankage is then taken out, allowed to cool, ground, 
and is ready for shipment. Tankage is generally sold under a 
guarantee of 60 per cent protein and 6 per cent fat, while meat 
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