216 PRODUCTIVE FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS 
9 per cent of the average weights of their respective dams, which 
were all mature cows. According to Eckles, the average birth 
weights of calves in the University of Missouri dairy herd were: 
Ayrshire, 64 pounds; Holstein, 89 pounds; Jersey, 53 pounds, and 
Dairy Shorthorn, 76 pounds, these weights being 6 to 8 per cent 
of the weight of the dam.” The records show that bull calves average 
about ten pounds heavier than the females at birth; the maturity 
of the cow is also of importance, the birth weight of calves from 
heifers and young cows being, on the average, about five pounds 
lower than that of calves from cows that had given birth to three 
or more calves. 
Gains Made by Calves.—In experiments at the Kansas sta- 
tion, calves reared on skim milk, grain and pasture from birth until 
one year old made the average gains during the successive months 
shown in the following table :3 
Weight of Calves from Birth till One Year Old, in Pounds 
Bee: Average Average | Number Age, Ave Average | Number 
ont weight Peas aie caonitis ae peas eee 
Birth 77 sf 23 a site ie 24 
1 111 34 45 7 403 54 38 
2 144 33 56 8 455 52 28 
3 181 37 60 9 515 60 21 
4 229 48 60 10 578 63 20 
5 287 58 54 11 626 48 20 
6 349 62 43 12 669 43 19 
The gains made during the respective months were lowest during 
the first three months and higher toward the end of the year, with 
gains of about one pound per head daily during the first months, and 
about two pounds per head daily during the fifth to the tenth month; 
the average daily gain during the entire year was 1.6 pounds per 
head. 
The method of feeding the calf will vary according to the pur- 
pose in view: Whether it is to be added to the dairy or ‘beef herd, 
or is to be vealed. After considering some general phases of the 
subject of calf feeding, we shall take up separately the feeding 
of calves for the various purposes mentioned (Fig. 40). 
Feeding Stuffs for Calves.——The number of different feeds 
used for feeding calves is not as large as in the case of mature 
2“ Dairy Cattle and Milk Production,” p. 174. 
2 Bulletin 126; see also Illinois Bulletin 164. 
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