218 PRODUCTIVE FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS 
first few weeks, 4 to 6 pounds will make one pound of gain under 
favorable conditions, while with older calves it will require 8 to 12 
pounds to produce a pound of gain. 
Whole milk will produce larger gains in live weight than skim 
milk or other feeds, but this is made at considerably higher cost, 
on account of the high value of whole milk as a human food. If 
we assume that it will take 6 pounds of whole milk to make one 
Fic. 41.—At meal time the calf is fed warm, sweet milk in a clean pail, while securely 
fastened in a comfortable stanchion. (Wisconsin Station.) 
pound of gain in a young calf and 12 pounds of skim milk (p. 206), 
the cost of the ration will be 6 cents in the former case, and 1.8 cents 
in the case of skim milk at ordinary creamery prices—$1.00 per 
hundred. pounds for whole milk and 15 cents per hundred pounds 
of skim milk. In experiments at the Kansas station it cost four 
times as much to produce a pound of gain with calves on whole 
milk as on skim milk, although the whole-milk calves gained an 
average of 1.86 pounds daily, against 1.51 pounds for the skim- 
milk calves.* 
Looking at the problem from another point of view, Otis found 
that two pounds of grain, when fed with the proper amount of 
skim milk, were equivalent for calf feeding to one pound of butter 
* Bulletin 126; Wisconsin Bulletin 192. 
