220 PRODUCTIVE FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS 
Remedies for Calf Scours.—1. A teaspoonful of sterilized dried blood 
(so-called blood flour), thoroughly mixed with the milk at each meal, will 
generally remedy the trouble when it is promptly attended to. The blood 
meal also serves as an excellent tonic for weak calves. 
2. In aggravated cases of calf scours the milk is withheld and an egg 
in a tablespoonful of blackberry brandy is given three times a day till im- 
provement is noted. 3 
3. The formaldehyde treatment is another remedy that will produce good 
results in most cases after a few days.° <A teaspoonful of a 1 per cent. 
formaldehyde solution (prepared by adding one-half ounce of formaldehyde, 
40 per cent., to a pint of water) is added per pint of milk, preferably fed 
immediately after the skim milk is received from the separator. 
Rules for Feeding Young Calves.—The following rules epit- 
omize the main precautions to be observed in feeding young calves.” 
Do not overfeed. Feed sweet, preferably fresh, milk. Feed 
warm milk (85°~90° F.). Feed each animal individually. Feed 
regularly. Keep pens and calf quarters thoroughly clean, dry and 
free from draft. Make only gradual changes in feed. Pay strict 
attention to condition of the bowels. . 
“Where skim milk calves do poorly the blame usually rests 
with the feeder. The cause of the trouble will ordinarily be found 
in one or more of the following conditions: Lack of sunlight 
and fresh air; unsanitary stalls or boxes that are not properly 
cleaned and disinfected; feeding too much milk, or at irregular 
intervals ; feeding stale or chilled milk ; feeding from pails that have 
not been scalded daily; feeding improper concentrates, or allowing 
the excess to ferment and become stale in the feed box” (Henry). 
Supplemental Feeds with Skim Milk.—In order to compen- 
sate for the butter fat removed in the skim milk, many different 
- methods have been recommended, and are followed with success by 
different farmers. Peanut oil, cod-liver oil, corn oil, or oleo- 
margarine heated to 110° F. and mixed thoroughly with the skim 
milk, is used to a limited extent, these fats being added in the pro- 
portion of one-half to one ounce per quart of milk. The most 
common and efficient supplemental feed for skim-milk-fed young 
calves is, doubtless, flaxseed. This may be added either direct, a 
tablespoonful of ground flaxseed per quart of milk, or the meal is 
boiled into a jelly with six parts of water, which is mixed with the 
skim milk in small amounts, the equivalent of two tablespoonfuls 
of the dry meal to a feed. 
*S. C. Bulletin 122; Farmers’ Bulletin 273. White Scours or so-called 
calf cholera is a contagious disease that may attack calves when only a day 
or two old. Repeated applications of tincture of iodine or of a 2 per cent 
solution of corrosive sublimate on the navel of the newborn calf and thor- 
ough disinfection of the calf pens and barn are remedial measures. The 
disease is often fatal and calls for assistance by a veterinarian. 
. 7Missouri Circular 47. See also Wis. Cir. 59. 
