73 



dragons: "If a dragon has scales, he is called hiao-limg; if wings, \/ 

 ying-lung (]§f|); if a horn, kHu-lung (SLf|); ^"^^ if he has 

 no horn, he is called chH-lung (i^f|)". In the Japanese Buddhist 

 dictionary entitled Buhhyo iroha jiten ' we find the same enume- 

 ration with the additon of a fifth class, the p^an-lung (^f|), 

 "coiled dragon", which does not yet ascend to heaven. This 

 dragon is also mentioned in the Fang yen ^, where we read : 

 "Dragons which do not yet ascend to heaven are called ]fan-lung'\ 



In the same passage of the aforesaid Japanese dictionary 

 another dijdsiea- into fivQ -cl a.sspia is givftrij nn,mRly _;_cr ow-drago ns, 

 snake ^agons. toad-dragons, horse-dragons_ arr1 fish-dragnnR^, This 

 enumeration Tstn_l2ft_fmiTir| \x\ a. T^ndrl hist work, the Sil-men 



ts'ring king ^j^'where we rea d that from these five classes that oF . 



the snake-dragons is the_2ri ncipal one ; they ar e_the_^ri gbt kind 

 ot dragonl!. 



Lccording to the Wen-tsze tsih-lioh^ the clfi-lung (i^^l)'' ^^ 

 red, white and green, and the Fiu-lung (^L^l) is blue. The kHu 

 is mentioned several times in the Pao P'^oh-tsze'': "If a pond 

 inhabited by fishes and gavials is drained off, the divine ¥iu go 

 away" ®. "As to the flying to the sky of the ¥m of the pools, 



kang-muh, Ch. 43, ^| ^ —^ , p. 66, s. v. kiao-lung, quotes the text in this form 

 (without saying that it is borrowed from the Poh ya), the original text of the Poh ya 

 gives different characters for the names of the two last dragons. These characters are 

 not to be found in the dictionaries, being the 205th radical under the 140th, and 

 ^L combined with ^ ; but the pronunciation added to them is kiu ( ^ ,^) ^""^ 



1 See above, Inti-od., p. 22, note 1 ; Vol. II, p. 56, s. v. ^| . 



2 Hb •^, "Local Terms", according to De Groot {Rel. Sy.it. Vol. Ill, p. 1073) 

 "a small vocabulary composed by Yang Hiung, i^ i^ , an ethical philosopher and 



statesman who died in A.D. 18." Ch. XII, p. 7a: ^^^nUM^'^M- 



3 .^fl, i-fefl. m^M. 'ifi. MM' ^»-''*«^' '"'^-^""S'' 

 hia-ma-lung, ma-lung, and yu-lung. 



^ ^Wi (Sumeru) H^ ^ , quoted in the Ts'ien-kHoh ku lei shu, yg ^ ^ 



*g ^, a cyclopaedia compiled in 1632 by Ch'en Jen-siii, |I^ ^ ^ • Cf. Wylie, 

 Notes on Chinese literature (2nd ed.), p. 187. 



5 -^ ^ -^ (^ , a vocabulary quoted in the Wakan sansai zue, Ch. XLV, p. 675. 



6 Of. below, Ch. V (Ornaments). 



7 :f^ :^I> •?• . written by Koh Hung, ;g »^ , in the 4th century A. D. 



8 ^(. ^, Ch. I, nr 2 (^ |^), p. 6&: M M M Z M M II *L 



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