75 



iohage or imori (lizard), which is boru between stones in the 

 mountains and has got the name of "little dragon" because it 

 was (and is) believed to cause hail by its breath and to give 

 rain to those who prayed to it '. 



The connection between tb^ ana.Ti-P a.nrl tl^A rl ragnn is ftvidft Ti+. 



from jhe description of the _so-calle d teng-sU, ^f rfc'fe, a wingles s 



serpent, "which can CRus(rt^^cI ouds to rls^ and, riding u pon 



jt hem, can % a, thnns a nr l -nulfiS,_IL-ean ^c hange into a dragon. 



41t^oughJhere_ai:a_4»a;6s-sffi4-4e^^ 



Theirjry_forbodes_^ And Koh Hung => states that 



"tortoises turn into tigers and snakes, into dragons". In the 

 Tiu-yang tsali tsu\ we read:- "Dragons and snakes are considered 

 by the learned class to be related". 



The gavial « also belongs to the dragons. The Pen-ts'ao Tcang- 

 muh' describes it as follows: "There are numerous gavials in 

 rivers and lakes. They resemble the class of the Iing-Ii\ and 

 their length is one or two chang. Both their backs and tails are 

 covered with scales. By exhaling t h ey can m,akfi nl.ourh ^,n^_ rm^.o^ 

 j^g^ai^JLJg —^ kind of dragon. The y livein deep holes and ca n 

 fl y only~TorizontaIly7~not vertically. 'fEmr~cries are like t"h e 



Ui Hi "^ ' °'' ts'uen-lung, ^ ^| . cf. Wells Williams, Chin.-Eng. Bid., pp. 803 

 and 1095: "The insect ( _^ ) that changes (^), a small eft or chameleon common in 

 Hukwang, also called ^^ ^|| or grass- dragon". 



1 Pen-ts'ao kang-muh, Sect. ^^, nr 1 (^|), Chr 43, p. 12a: ^j^ ^ ^ 



\U:^m. iiitti:. -^mm. ^nm^z^- 



2 Pen-Wao kang-muh, quoted in the Wakan sansai zue, Ch. XLV, p. 682. In Ch. 

 43, p. 40 of the Pen-ts^ao kaiig-muh the text is a little different: "The feng-sM 

 changes into a dragon. This divine snake can ride upon the clouds and fly about over 

 a thousand miles. If it is heard, (this means) pregnancy. This is borrowed from the 

 Pien-kwa lun (i. e. the Yin-Yang pien-kwa lun, mentioned above, p. 67). Further, 

 the Pao P^oh-tsze says: 'The i'eng-sM do not copulate'." 



3 Pao P'^oh-tsze, p^ J^ , Oh. I (^ J^). 



^ M ^ ^ M' written in the ninth century by Twan Ch'ing-shih, J^ fig 

 j^, quoted T. S., Ch. 130. Sect. -^ ^ , fg ^ H ^, p. 46: f | M ife-g 



5 -^, cf. Wells Williams, 1.1., p. 912, s. v.: "A large trilon, gavial, or water 

 lizard, found to the South of China, ten feet long, of whoso hard skin drumheads are 

 made; its gruff voice is heard at night and indicates rain". About gavials acting as 

 demons, cf. De Groot, Rel. Syst. of China, Vol, V, pp. 625 sq. 



6 Ch. 43, p. 8a: cf. Wakan sansai zue, Ch. XLV, p. 675. 



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