84 



Elementary Botany 



There are certain terms which are applied to the attachment 

 of the leaves to the stem. Thus when placed one above the 

 other upon opposite sides of the stem, they are alternate. If 

 placed in pairs on opposite sides, they are opposite. If the 

 alternate pairs of opposite leaves are placed at right angles to 



Fig. 



139. — Verticillate leaves of the 

 Madder {Ruiiia tznctoru7n}. 



Fig. 138. — Decussate leaves of the 

 Scarlet Pimpernel {Anagallis ar- 

 vensis), with axillary flowers. 



Fig. 140. — Connate leaves of the 

 Honeysuckle. 



one another (fig. 138), they are decussate. When there are 

 more than two leaves forming a whorl round the stem (fig. 139), 

 they are said to be verticillate. When two opposite leaves 

 have their bases so united as to form apparently but one (fig. 

 140), often thus producing a cup, as in the Teasel, they are 

 connate. If the base of the leaf, whether petiole, lamina, or 



