104 



Elementary Botany 



as in the Strawberry (fig. 164), it is said to be polysepalous. 

 If the sepals be united together (fig. 170), as in the Primrose, 

 the calyx is gamosepalous. 



When the sepals are alike, as in the Buttercup (fig. 165), or 

 Primrose, the calyx is said to be regular ; if some be differently 

 developed from the rest, the calyx is irregular, as in the 

 Garden Nasturtium (fig. 167). 



If, as in the Poppy (fig. 168), the calyx falls off as soon as 

 the flower-bud opens, it is said to be caducous ; if, as in the 

 Ranunculus (fig. 165), it remains after the flower opens, but 

 falls off before the fruit ripens, it is deciduous ; whilst if it re- 

 mains after the fruit has ripened, it is persistent, as in the 

 Strawberry (fig. 164). 



Fig. 170.— I. Turbinate. II. 

 Fig. 169. — Tubu- Urceolate calyx (represented 

 lar calyx. diagramraatically). 



Fig. 



171.— Saccate calyx of 

 LnrntriO'. 



Sometimes the persistent calyx becomes very much enlarged 

 around the fruit ; it is then accrescent, as in the Physalis. 



There are also certain terms which are used in describing 

 the shape of the calyx which are of great importance in De- 

 scriptive Botany. 



Thus it may be tubular (fig. 169), as in the Centaury ; 

 urceolate (fig. 170, n.) or urn-shaped, as in the Campion; 

 inflated or swollen, as in the Bladder Campion ; turbinate or 

 top-shaped (fig. 170, i.) 5 funnel-shaped or infundibuliform 

 (fig. 176), as in the Deadly Nightshade; saccate (fig. 171), if 

 there are four sepals, two of which are prolonged at the base, 

 as in most cruciferous plants ; rotate (fig. 164), as in the Straw- 

 berry; bilabiate or two-lipped (fig. 177), as in the Dead-nettle; 



