154 



Elementary Botany 



there are four in the Dicotyledons, and two in the Monoco- 

 tyledons. 



If we examine four such flowers as the Buttercup, Rose, 

 Dead-nettle, and Hazel, we shall easily be able to understand 

 the grouping. 



In the first three specimens the flowers are complete ; in the 

 Hazel incomplete, the calyx and the corolla being absent. 

 The Hazel stands, then, as a representative of the sub-class 

 Incompletse. 



In the first two specimens the flowers are polypetalous ; in 

 the Dead-nettle the corolla is gamopetalous. The latter, there- 

 fore, is an example of the sub-class Corolliflorse or Gamopetalse. 



In the Buttercup the petals and stamens are hypogynous, 

 which characterises the sub-class Ihalamiflorse ; whilst in the 

 Rose they are perigynous (in some members of the group they 

 are epigynous), and the sub-class is known as the Calyciflorse. 



We may tabulate these results thus : — 



I 



Complete - 



A Petals and stamens 

 hypogynous 

 Polypetalous \ Petals and stamens 

 perigynous or epi- 

 ^ gynous 

 Gamopetalous 



THALAMIFLOR/E 



CaLYCIFLOR/E 

 COROLLIFLORiE 



^ Incomplete iNCOMPLETiE 



The Monocotyledons are divided into two sub-classes : the 

 Fetaloidse, which, like the Lily or Tulip, possess an evident 

 perianth ; and the Glumacese, which, like the Grasses, have 

 their flowers arranged in those peculiar bracts known as glumes. 



Each of these sub-classes is divided into several natural 

 orders ; in this work we shall deal with a few of the principal. 



Pistil apocarpous. 



Pistil syncarpous 



DICOTYLEDONS. 



THALAMIFLOR/E. 



Petals few, stamens many . 

 /Corolla cruciform, stamens 



tetradynamous . 

 Leaves opposite, stem 

 swollen at nodes, sepals 

 and petals 5. Free 

 central placenta 



RANUNCULACEiE. 

 CRUCIFERiE. 



Caryophyllace^. 



