164 



Elementary Botany 



seeds, concealed within calyx and often indehiscent. Many 

 species are very largely cultivated as fodder plants. 



Ulex, Furze. I^eaves simple and acerose; two sepals; 

 stamens monadelphous. 



Vicia, Vetch and Tares. Leaves imparipinnate, ending in 

 tendrils and with many leaflets; stamens diadelphous; style 

 thread-like. Very useful fodder plants. One exotic species, 

 V. Faba, gives us the Broad Bean. 



The following are important exotic plants belonging to this 

 sub-order : — Used for food purposes : Arachis, Ground-nuts ; 

 Ervum, Lentils ; Phaseolus vulgaris, the French Bean ; and 

 F. coccineus, the Scarlet Runner ; Fisum, Pea. Used for various 

 purposes : Balsam of Tolu, Indigo, Kino, Laburnum, Liquorice, 

 Ordeal Bean, Rosewood, Tonquin Bean. 



The following important plants belong to the other two 

 sub-orders : — Braziletto-wood, Cassia, Copal, Copaiba Balsam, 

 Locust-tree, Logwood, Sandal-wood, Sanders-woodj Sensitive 

 Plant, Tamarind. 



ROSACEA. 



Typical plant, Bramble {Rubus fruticosus) ; also compare 



with it Blackthorn or Sloe, Rose, and Apple. 



Note, the plant is a shrub (in the order there are also herbs 



and trees) ; leaves alternate, stipules present, adhering to the 

 petiole (stipules are seldom absent in the 

 order) ; . calyx gamosepalous, five divisions, 

 inferior (there may be but four divisions to 

 the calyx — in the Rose it forms a cup-like 

 tube enclosing the carpels [fig. 196], and in 

 the Apple and Pear it is adherent to the 

 carpels, figs. 301 and 279) ; corolla poly- 

 petalous, five petals, perigynous (in a few 

 cases there are four petals, and in some cases 

 none) ; stamens numerous, perigynous ; 

 carpels numerous (in the Blackthorn there 

 is but one), apocarpous ; fruit an etcerio of 



drupes. (In the order the fruit is very various. Thus it 



may be. a single drupe, Blackthorn ; etcerio of achenes, Straw- 



FlG. 301. — Longitudinal 

 section through the 

 flower of the Pear. 



