193 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 



[Those followed by a date are questions which have been set at previous exami- 

 nations held in connection with the Science and Art Department, South 

 Kensington.~\ 



1. How can you distinguish a plant rom an animal ? 



2. Into what two great sub-kingdoms may plants be divided ? 



3. Describe fully the seed of a Bean. (1875 and 1878.) 



4. Compare the seed of the Oat with that of the Bean. 



5. Explain the terms ' albuminous ' and ' exalbuminous, ' and mention 

 some albuminous seeds. 



6. Describe the structure of a living parenchymatous plant-cell. What 

 chemical elements enter into the composition (a) of the cell-wall, {b) of the 

 protoplasm? (1887.) 



7. What are the composition and properties of cellulose ? 



8. Enumerate and describe briefly the most important substances 

 which are formed within the protoplasm of plant-cells. 



9. Give an account of the general properties of chlorophyll, and of the 

 conditions which are necessary to its formation. 



10. What remarkable change do plants show when they are grown in 

 the dark? (1876.) 



11. Why does heaping earth round Celery cause the stalks to be 

 white? (1877.) 



12. What is the nature of starch ? How is it formed, and what is its 

 use? (1879.) 



13. Explain the structure of a cell and the changes it undergoes in the 

 growth of a plant. (1878.) 



14. What conditions modify the shape of cells ? 



15. How are thickened cells produced ? 



16. In what respects does the wood of the stem of a Conifer (Fir Tree) 

 differ from that of a dicotyledonous plant ? Describe the development of 

 ' bordered pits.' 



1 7. What is meant by a vessel ? How is it formed, and what is its 

 use? (1878.) 



18. How are the cells, say in the leaf of a plant, increased in number ? 



19. Give an account of 'parenchyma.' Explain how it is formed. 



1875.) 



O 



