100 CROP ROTATION SYSTEMS IN CANADA, UNITED STATES, AND ELSEWHERE 



value for pasture, enabling more stock to be car- 

 ried per acre than on timothy and clover alone ; 7, 

 meadow ; 8, pasture or meadow, cut once and then 

 grazed, it being usually arranged to have the area 

 in pasture so that it may be grazed with the rape. 

 When stock have access to both grass and rape at 

 all times, better results are secured than from 

 either alone. This land is manured and fall-plowed 

 for the succeeding root crop. 



J. H. Grisdale, Experimental Farms Report, 1905, 

 pp. 77-89: 



3-course : 1, Oats ; land plowed twice in previous 

 fall, oats sown in spring and ten pounds of clover 

 and ten pounds of timothy ; 2, clover hay, manured 

 in fall ; 3, timothy hay or mixed clover and timothy. 



3-course : 1, Oats ; land plowed twice in pre- 

 vious fall, and twelve pounds of timothy sown with 

 oats; 2, timothy hay, land manured; 3, timothy hay. 



3-course. Primarily for feeding hogs : 1, Roots, 

 turnips, carrots, mangels, sugar-beets; sugar man- 

 gels are grown, part being pastured by hogs ; of 

 these, mangels and sugar-beets were preferred by 

 the hogs ;. 2, grain (oats, etc., with peas), used for 

 soiling or the peas pastured when ripe. Alfalfa or 

 some other pasture crop is sown with the grain 

 crop ; 3, hogs pastured on alfalfa or other crop, 

 land manured and fall-plowed ready for the root 

 crop. 



3-course. Suitable for farmer having consider- 

 able rough pasture and desiring to keep consider- 

 able stock. Roots might- be grown in place of some 

 of the corn : 1, Corn, land manured and plowed the 

 previous fall, depth of plowing about iive inches. 

 The land is again fall-plowed when the corn is cut; 



2, grain, oats or barley spring-sown, with ten 

 pounds of red clover, one pound of alsike clover, 

 five pounds of timothy ; 3, hay, mown twice, and 

 manured and fall-plowed for succeeding corn crop. 



3-course : 1, Corn, land manured the previous 

 fall and winter and plowed in spring ; 2, grain ; 

 oats or barley, spring-sown, with ten pounds of 

 red clover, one pound of alsike clover, five pounds 

 of alfalfa, five pounds of timothy seed per acre ; 



3, pasture. Thus far, pasturing the land, instead 

 of mowing as in the previous rotation, has not 

 been so remunerative. 



4-course : 1, Roots ; 2, grain (oats), land being 

 fall-plowed if possible and ten pounds of red clover, 

 one pound of alsike, ten pounds of timothy sown 

 with the oats ; 3, meadow, mown twice ; 4, meadow, 

 mown twice, land manured and fall-plowed. 



4-course. For a sheep-farm : 1, Roots, areas of 

 the following crops being grown to furnish a succes- 

 sion: White turnips, cabbage, rutabagas or swedes, 

 kohlrabi, thousand-headed kale, rape, mangels, etc.; 

 2, grain, oats or barley, used for soiling or for 

 grain as circumstances dictate. The following seeds 

 are sown with the grain : Alfalfa, red clover, alsike 

 clover, awnless brome and timothy ; 3, meadow, 

 mown once, the aftermath being devoted to pasture 

 for newly weaned lambs ; 4, pasture, manured in 

 the fall and plowed for the succeeding root crop. 



5-course : 1, Oats, with clover and timothy 

 among ; 2, meadow ; 3, meadow, plowed twice in 

 the fall and left ridged for winter ; 4, oats, with 



ten pounds of red clover per acre as a cover and 

 green-manuring crop, land manured in winter ; 5, 

 corn ; land spring-plowed for the corn and fall- 

 plowed after its removal if possible. 



5-course : 1, Oats, with ten pounds of red clover, 

 one pound of alsike clover, and five pounds of tim- 

 othy per acre ; 2, meadow, manured in the fall and 

 winter ; 3, com or roots, land spring-plowed ; 4, 

 oats, with clover and timothy as before ; 5, 

 meadow, and land fall-plowed for succeeding oat 

 crop. 



6-course : 1, Oats, land fall-plowed, and ten 

 pounds of red clover sown with the oats and 

 allowed to grow until late fall, when it is plowed 

 under ; 2, oats or barley, with eight pounds of red 

 clover and ten ' pounds of timothy per acre ; 3, 

 clover hay, mown twice and last aftermath not 

 grazed ; 4, mixed hay, land manured ; 5, timothy 

 hay ; 6, timothy hay, land fdl-plowed. 



If straight timothy hay is desired all the time, 

 no clover need be sown ; such a course is not so 

 profitable for general farming. 



II. United States 



Alabama. (J. P. Duggar.) Rotation not often 

 attempted. 



1, Corn with cowpeas between ; 2, small grain, 

 usually oats, with cowpeas ; 3, cotton ; 4, cotton 

 or corn as before. 



1, Cotton ; 2, cotton ; 3, cotton ; 4, oats with 

 cowpeas. (Wilcox county.) 



Arkansas. Cotton continuously on bottom-land. 

 1, Corn ; 2, cotton ; 3, oats with cowpeas. 



California. (E. J. Wickson.) Rotation not general, 

 in fact, generally avoided. Grain crops are 

 sometimes grown after beans or alfalfa. 

 Watermelons, tomatoes, etc., are followed by 

 grain. Grain and pasture are alternated. 

 1, Corn ; 2, wheat ; 3, oats. (Napa county.) 

 2-course: 1, Barley; 2, fallow. (Monterey county, 

 etc.) 



2-course : 1, Wheat ; 2, fallow. (San Joaquin 

 county, etc.) 



1, Corn, for silage; 2, oats, for hay. (Sonoma 

 county.) 



Considerable multiple cropping is done on irri- 

 gated land. 



Colorado. (W. H. Olin.) No general use of rotations. 



1, Grain ; 2-4, alfalfa, cut two or three times 

 per year ; 5-7, roots, potatoes, sugar-beets, etc. 



1, Peas ; 2, potatoes ; 3, wheat ; 4, fallow. 



1, Potatoes ; 2, wheat ; 3, potatoes ; 4, wheat ; 

 5, alfalfa, one to several years. 



Potato-growing sections. 8-course : 1, Potatoes ; 

 2, potatoes ; 3, wheat ; 4, barley or oats and seeded 

 to alfalfa ; 5, 6, 7, 8, alfalfa, manured before plow- 

 ing under for potatoes. 



Connecticut. (L. A. Clinton.) Rotation common. 



1, Corn, manured, cut for silage, and rye sown 

 among for cover-crop and plowed under ; 2, corn 



