CROP ROTATION SYSTEMS IN CANADA, UNITED STATES, AND ELSEWHERE 103 



Grain-growing. 7-course : 1, Corn ; 2, wheat and 

 seed to grass ; 3 and 4, grass ; 5, 6, 7, grain crops 

 with clover or rape among the grain, on at least 

 one occasion, and plowed under as green-manure. 



4-course : 1, Corn ; 2, peas ; 3, barley ; 4, clover. 



5-course : 1, Wheat ; 2, clover and timothy, 

 mown ; 3, meadow ; 4, oats ; 5, mangels or pota- 

 toes. 



1, Wheat ; 2, wheat ; 3, oats ; 4, wheat ; 5, flax. 



1, Corn ; 2, wheat ; 3, wheat ; 4, oats. 



1, Barley ; 2, barley ; 3 and 4, clover. 



1, Barley ; 2, corn ; 3, oats ; 4, corn ; 5, wheat. 

 Last four poor. 



1, Cotton, with annual vetch in winter, contin- 

 uously. 



1, Com and cowpeas continuously. 



2-course : 1, Oats and cowpeas ; 2, cotton. 



2-course : 1, Corn and cowpeas ; 2, cotton. 



3-course : 1, Cotton ; 2, corn and cowpeas ; 3, 

 oats and cowpeas. 



3-course. Poor : 1, Cotton ; 2, cotton ; 3, com 

 (poor). 



Missouri. (M. P. Miller.) Systematic rotation not 

 largely followed. 

 Common rotation on black loam : Com for one 

 to five years, followed by oats or wheat, seeded 

 with timothy and clover (left for two or three 

 years) 



Loam. 4-course : 1, Com ; 2, potatoes ; 3, wheat ; 

 4, hay, timothy and clover. 



3-course : 1, Potatoes ; 2, wheat ; 3, clover. Has 

 been used by T. B. Terry, Ohio, for several years, 

 but he is abandoning it now, since a clover crop 

 every third year is too frequent. 



Sandy loam. 4-course : 1, Corn ; 2, tomatoes ; 3, 

 white potatoes (early); 4, clover. 



Light sandy loam. 4-course : 1, Corn ; 2, sweet- 

 potatoes ; 3, rye ; 4, clover. 



Dairying. Clay loam. 3-course : 1, Corn (cut for 

 silage); 2, rye ; 3, timothy and clover. 



Medium loam. 3 years : 1, Com (cut for silage); 



2, oats and peas, followed by millet or cowpeas ; 



3, rye. 



New York. 



Gravel loam: 1, Potatoes, with rye sown in fall; 

 2, rye, with clover sown in spring and plowed 

 under for potatoes. No manure or fertilizers used. 

 Successful for past twelve years. 



3-conrse : 1, Beans ; 2, wheat ; 3, clover. 



4-course : 1, Potatoes or corn ; 2, beans ; 3, 

 wheat and sown to clover ; 4, clover cut for hay. 



4-course: 1, Wheat, manured and seeded to clover; 

 2, clover hay ; 3, potatoes, cabbage or corn ; 4, 

 oats. 



5-course : 1, Corn, manured ; 2, oats ; 3, rye, 

 manured, with grass seeds ; 4 and 5, grass and 

 clover hay. 



Heavy loams, 4 crops in three years : 1, Rye or 



Stony loam : 1, Corn ; 2, corn ; 3, wheat ; 4, clo-^'^oats, with clover ; 2, clover, cut once, land plowed 



ver or clover and timothy, in which case the timothy 

 may again be cut the fourth year. 



Montana. (A. Atkinson.) 



6-course : 1, Wheat ; 2, clover ; 3, oats ; 4, 

 sugar-beets ; 5, barley ; 6. peas. 



3-course : 1, Wheat and barley ; 2, clover ; 3, 

 roots and peas. 



Most common one : 1, Barley ; 2, clover ; 3, 

 clover ; 4, oats or wheat ; 5, wheat. 



New Hampshire. (P. W. Taylor.) Pew definite sys- 

 tems in use. 



Dairying, clay loams. 6-course. Good : 1, Com ; 

 2, com ; 3, oats and peas, with grass and clover 

 seeds ; 4, 5, 6, hay or pasture. 



Loams. 7-course. Good : 1, Corn ; 2, com ; 3, 

 potatoes ; 4, oats and peas ; 5, 6, 7, clover and 

 timothy for hay or pasture. 



8-course : 1, Corn ; 2, potatoes ; 3, barley seeded 

 with clover and grasses ; 4, clover hay; 5-8, 

 grasses, used for hay or pasture. 



Upland light loam, used by Prof. 3. W. Sanborn, 

 Gilmanton, N. H.: 1, Com; 2, oats and peas; 3, 

 clover ; 4, potatoes ; 5, Hungarian (millet) ; 6, 7, 

 timothy (hay); i, pasture. 



New Jersey. (E. B. Voorhees.) General farming. 



Medium clay loam. 4-course : 1, Corn ; 2, oats ; 

 3, wheat ; 4, timothy and clover. 



Heavy clay loam. 5-course : 1, Corn ; 2, oats ; 

 3, 4, 5, hay. 



Same. 4-course : 1, Com ; 2, wheat ; 3, 4, hay.. 



ix 



and sown to buckwheat ; 3, potatoes. 



3-course : 1, Corn ; 2, wheat or oats ; 3, timothy 

 and clover for hay. 



4-course: 1, Rye, seeded to clover, etc.; 2, clover 

 and timothy; 3, com or potatoes ; 4, oats or barley. 



4-course : 1, Wheat, manured, seeded to clover 

 and timothy ; 2, clover and timothy (hay), manured 

 before plowing ; 3, corn or oats ; 4, barley or 

 beans. 



Clay, 6-course : 1, Com ; 2, oats ; 3-5, hay ; 6, 

 pasture. 



5-course : 1, Beans, cattle beets or cabbage ; 2, 

 oats, with timothy and clover ; 3, meadow ; 4, 

 meadow ; 5, pasture. 



Cornell University 4-course. Very successful for 

 over thirty years. Dairy-farm, with one-third of 

 area in permanent pasture. Clay loam: 1, Corn 

 (manured), cut for silage; 2, oats; 3, wheat (ma- 

 nured), and timothy and clover sown ; 4, meadow, 

 cut twice. 



Dairy-farm : 1, Corn, cut for silage ; 2, oats and 

 peas ; 3-5, grass and clover. (Delaware county.) 



1, Strawberries planted ; 2, strawberries har- 

 vested in June, land plowed and sown to rutabagas, 

 followed by rye, which is plowed under the next 

 spring for strawberries. 



1, Com ; 2, cabbage ; 3, peas, followed by buck- 

 wheat ; 4, oats ; 5, wheat, with grass seeds ; 6, 

 meadow. 



Used in western part of Long Island, mentioned 

 by General Washington in 1790 : 1, Indian corn on 

 clay, manured in the hill or scattering the dung 

 broadcast ; 2, oats or flax ; 3, wheat, with what 



