CROP ROTATION SYSTEMS IN CANADA, UNITED STATES, AND ELSEWHERE 105 



Old American systems : 1, Maize ; 2, wheat or 

 rye ; 3, rubbish pasture. 



1, Maize ; 2, naked fallow ; 3, wheat ; 4, rubbish 

 pasture. 



Yields of wheat six to eight bushels per acre. 



Suggested systems : 1, Maize ; 2, wheat or bar- 

 ley ; 8, clover ; 4, rye or winter barley ; C and 6, 

 clover. 



1, Maize ; 2, beans ; 3, barley ; 4, clover ; 5, 

 wheat ; 6, clover for one or two years. 



Montgomery county, 5-course. In use over one 

 hundred years : 1, Corn on sod, limed and plowed 

 in fall or spring ; 2, oats ; 3, wheat with timothy 

 sown in fall and red clover in spring ; 4, clover and 

 timothy mown ; 5, pasture. 



The old York and Lancaster rotation is similar 

 to the above, but the grass is left down longer. 



A successful rotation long practiced in parts : 



1, Wheat ; 2, rye ; 3, clover ; 4, wheat ; 5, corn ; 

 6, oats ; 7, wheat ; 8, clover. 



Porto Rico. (D. W. May.) Rotation not general in 

 the island. 



Low land : Sugar-cane for three to eight years, 

 and then Para grass cut and sold. 



A better rotation would be : Sugar-cane, rotated 

 with cowpeas or alfalfa, the latter being fed and 

 the manure returned to the soil. 



Rhode Island. (H. J. Wheeler.) 



3-course : 1, Winter rye, with clover sown in 

 spring ; 2, clover hay ; 3, potatoes. 



4-course : 1, Winter rye, with red clover sown in 

 spring ; 2, clover hay ; 3, maize on clover sod ; 4, 

 potatoes. 



5-course : 1, Rye, seeded with grasses and clover ; 



2, hay ; 3, hay ; 4, corn ; 5, potatoes. 



6-course : 1, Corn, on grass sod ; 2, potatoes ; 3, 

 winter rye, seeded to red clover, timothy and red- 

 top ; 4-6, grass. When the land is poor it is bet- 

 ter to begin the rotation with rye. 



Market-garden : 1, Sweet corn (Cory), followed 

 by beans, with clover sown at last cultivation as a 

 cover-crop ; or beans followed by corn (Crosby), 

 with clover as cover-crop ; 2, clover plowed under, 

 tomatoes planted and rye sown as cover-crop in 

 fall ; 3, potatoes (early), followed by cabbage, or 

 early cabbage followed by carrots ; 4, spinach, fol- 

 lowed by celery, followed by spinach again, or 

 transplanted lettuce followed by celery. 



South Dakota. (J. S. Cole.) Rotation not general. 



In northern and western parts of state: Corn, po- 

 tatoes or other intertilled crop, followed by wheat. 



In southern and eastern parts of state : Barley 

 or oats grown instead of wheat. 



South Dakota Experiment Station. The following 

 is a list of twenty-four rotations which are now, and 

 have been, on trial for the past ten years : 1, Flax; 

 2, barley ; 3, millet ; 4, wheat ; 5, corn. — 1, Wheat; 

 2, oats; 3, peas (fed off by stock); 4, wheat; 5, 

 roots. — 1, Oats ; 2, wheat ; 3, fallow ; 4, wheat ; 

 5, corn. — 1, Wheat ; 2, barley ; 3, peas, plowed 

 under for manure ; 4, wheat ; 5, corn. — 1, Wheat ; 

 2, oats ; 3, corn ; 4, fla^ ; 5, millet, fed off by 



stock. — 1, Wheat ; 2, barley ; 3, peas ; 4, wheat ; 



5, corn, fed oft' by stock. — 1, Wheat ; 2, corn ; 3, 

 wheat ; 4, oats. — 1, Wheat ; 2, corn ; 3, oats ; 4, 

 milkt. — 1, Wheat ; 2, corn, land manured ; 3, 

 w'.xeab ; 4, oats. — 1, Wheat ; 2, corn ; 3, oats. — 1, 

 Oats ; 2, fallow ; 3, wheat. — 1, Barley ; 2, millet ; 

 3, wheat. — 1, Barley ; 2, peas ; 3, wheat. — 1, 

 Wheat ; 2, wheat ; 3, fallow. — 1, Wheat ; 2, wheat; 

 3, corn. — 1, Wheat ; 2, fallow. — 1, Wheat ; 2, corn. 

 — 1, Wheat ; 2, vetch. — Wheat continuously, no 

 manure. — Wheat continuously, manured every five 

 years. — Wheat continuously, manured every three 

 years. — Wheat continuously, manured every year. 

 — 1, Wheat, seeded to awnless brome-grass ; 2, 

 brome-grass ; 3, brome-grass ; 4, flax ; 5, wheat ; 



6, corn. — 1, Wheat, seeded to awnless brome-grass; 



2, brome-grass ; 3, brome-grass ; 4, wheat ; 5, 

 corn. — (For details of these rotations, see South 

 Dakota Bulletins, Nos. 79, 98, and Yearbook, 

 United States Department of Agriculture, 1903, 

 pp. 447-452.) 



Tennessee. (H. A. Morgan.) 



1, Wheat and cowpeas. (Same rotation is used 

 year after year ) 



2-course : 1, Wheat and cowpeas ; 2, corn. 



4-course : 1, Wheat seeded to clover ; 2 and 3, 

 clover ; 4, corn. 



1, Cotton ; 2, corn with cowpeas sown in it ; 



3, oats followed by cowpeas the same year. 



1, Corn ; 2, wheat ; 3, grass for two to three 

 years. 



5-course : 1, Cowpeas, followed by rye (plowed 

 under the following spring) ; 2, cowpeas ; 3, corn ; 



4, wheat ; 5, clover or cowpeas. 



1, Wheat ; 2, clover ; 3, clover (pastured) ; 4, 

 wheat, peas; 5, corn (peas planted in the corn); 

 6, oats followed by cowpeas. 



Common dairy-farm rotation : 1, Corn or sor- 

 ghum or corn and sorghum ; 2, wheat, seeded to 

 clover ; 3, clover. 



Utah. (W. M. Jardine.) Rotation little considered 

 in the state. 



Sandy loam, 5-course : 1, Sugar-beets ; 2, peas and 

 oats for forage ; 3, sugar-beets ; 4, oats, seeded to 

 alfalfa ; 5, alfalfa, two crops mown, third plowed 

 under. 



1. Corn (manured) ; 2 sugar-beets ; 3, peas for 

 forage ; 4, sugar-beets ; 5, wheat, preferably fol- 

 lowed by alfalfa, making a six- or seven-year 

 course. 



Virginia. Rotations long established. 



1, Irish potatoes (2 crops) ; 2, sweet-potatoes ; 

 3, sweet-potatoes ; 4, corn. (Accomac county.) 



1, Potatoes followed by corn ; 2, oats, followed 

 by cowpeas. 



1, Corn; 2, wheat ; 3, clover ; 4, wheat ; 5, oats 

 or pasture. 



1, Corn ; 2, wheat or oats ; 3, wheat ; 4, hay for 

 two to nine years. 



In use in 1800, and previously (Farmers' Regis- 

 ter, Va.): 1, Corn ; 2, wheat or oats; 3, land allowed 

 to grow weeds, which were grazed. 



