106 CROP ROTATION SYSTEMS IN CANADA, UNITED STATES, AND ELSEWHERE 



On poorer land : 1, Corn ; 2, natural cover of 

 weeds, either grazed or burned off. 



4-course, along James river, A. D., 1800: 1, Corn 

 or oats ; 2, wheat and clover ; 3, clover grown as 

 green-manure and plowed under ;■ 4, wheat. 



1, Tobacco ; 2, wheat ; 3 and 4, clover. 



1, Tobacco ; 2, wheat. 



1, Corn with cowpeas or crimson clover sown 

 among ; 2, peanuts. 



1, Corn with cowpeas ; 2, peanuts ; 3, cotton ; 



4, cotton. 



1, Corn (soiling crop) ; 2, oats or other grain ; 

 3-5, hay and pasture. 



Colonel Taylor's rotation, about one hundred years 

 ago : 1, Corn ; 2, wheat and clover ; 3 and 4, clover, 

 neither mown nor grazed. His idea was that this 

 was necessary to prevent depletion of the soil. 



The Eastern Shore rotation consisted of three 

 crops in two years : 1, Maize ; 2, oats, followed 

 by Magothy Bay beans (also called partridge peas) 

 which were plowed under. 



West Virginia. 



Buckwheat up to 6 years without change. (Pres- 

 ton county.) 



1, Buckwheat ; 2, wheat ; 3 and 4, grass and 

 clover. (Marshall county, etc.) 



1, Buckwheat ; 2, corn ; 3, wheat. (Tucker 

 county.) 



Wisconsin. 



1, Buckwheat ; 2, rye ; 3 and 4, grass and clover. 

 (Juneau county). 



1, Potatoes ; 2, potatoes ; 3, buckwheat ; 4, rye; 



5, corn. (Juneau county.) 



1, Potatoes ; 2 and 8, grain ; 4 and 5, grass and 

 clover. (Waupaca, etc., counties.) 



1, Potatoes ; 2, corn ; 3, potatoes; 4 and 5, grass 

 and clover. 



1, Potatoes ; 2, wheat ; 3 and 4, clover. 



1, Corn ; 2-4, tobacco. 



Wyoming. (B. C. Buffum.) Rotations not generally 

 used. 



1, Oats on sod ; 2, potatoes ; 3, wheat, seeded to 

 alfalfa ; 4 to 9, alfalfa. 



2-course : 1, Field peas, harvested or pastured by 

 lambs ; 2, grain. 



1, Legume, either peas for one-year crop or 

 alfalfa for three to five years ; 2, roots, either 

 turnips or beets for stock or potatoes for sale ; 3, 

 grain. 



Ill Great Britain 



3-course : 1, Wheat ; 2, beans ; 3, fallow. In use 

 before the Roman invasion, and in some places as 

 late as 1870. 



Norfolk 4-course. Introduced by Lord Towhsend 

 in 1730 on his Norfolk estates. Soil sandy and 

 poor: 1, Turnips, fed on the" land by sheep; 2, 

 barley with clover seeds ; 3, clover hay; 4, wheat. 

 Mutton, wheat and barley are the products sold. 

 This course is expensive in labor, and it has been 

 found to be impossible to grow clover so frequently 

 as once in four years on many soils. 



Suffolk : 1, Turnips ; 2, barley ; 8, rye-grass and 

 clover ; 4, peas ; 5, barley. 



Light calcareous soils : 



1, Turnips ; 2, barley ; 3, peas ; 4, wheat ; 5, 

 turnips ; 6, roots ; 7, barley ; 8, sainfoin for ten 

 or more years. (Alfalfa is sometimes used instead.) 



1, Peas ; 2, oats ; 3, turnips ; 4, barley with 

 grass and clover seeds ; 5, meadow. 



Peaty soils : 1, Turnips or cabbage ; 2, oats ; 3, 

 turnips or cabbage ; 4, oats ; 5, clover ; 6, wheat. 

 (Everything fed to stock except wheat.) 



1, Potatoes (sold for seed) ; 2, oats ; 3, turnips 

 or cabbage ; 4, turnips or cabbage ; 5, oats, with 

 grass and clover seed; 6, meadow. (Everything 

 fed to stock except potatoes.) 



Heavy peaty land : 1, Cabbage ; 2, oats ; 8, beans 

 or clover ; 4, wheat ; 5, cabbage or mangels for 

 feed; 6, oats. 



Light soils : 1, Turnips ; 2, barley ; 8, 4, 5, clo- 

 ver and rye-grass ; 6, peas ; 7, rye ; 8, wheat. 



Common Hertfordshire system : 1, Turnips '; 2, 

 barley ; 8, clover ; 4, wheat ; 5, peas or oats. 



Sir Mordaunt Martin's course one hundred years 

 ago : 1, Turnips ; 2, barley ; 3, clover ; 4, wheat ; 

 5, potatoes, mangels or vetches ; 6, turnips ; 7, 

 barley ; 8, trefoil and rye-grass ; 9, peas ; 10, 

 potatoes, mangels or vetches. 



1, Turnips ; 2, barley ; 3 and 4, grass and clover ; 



5, vetches ; 6, wheat. 



Heavy loam : 1, Beans or oats ; 2, turnips ; 8, 

 barley ; 4, clover or winter vetches ; 5, wheat ; 6, 

 turnips or mangels ; 7, barley with grass and clo- 

 ver ; 8, grass and clover for three or more years. 



Old system: 1, Oats ; 2, beans; 3, wheat; 4, 

 grass and weeds for four or five years. 



1, Oats ; 2, turnips ; 8, barley with grass seeds ; 

 4-6, grass and clover. 



1, Peas; 2, barley; 8, clover; 4, wheat; 5, turnips; 



6, barley, with grass seeds; 7-10, grass and clover. 

 Clay : 1, Fallow ; 2, wheat or barley ; 3, peas 



or beans. 



1, Fallow ; 2, wheat ; 3, clover ; 4, oats. 



In use over one hundred years ago : 1, Fallow ; 2, 

 wheat ; 3, oats ; 4, fallow ; 5, wheat. 



Another method : 1, Fallow; 2, wheat ; 8, clover; 

 4, clover ; 5, wheat or other grain. 



1, Fallow or roots, manured ; 2, oats with grass 

 seeds ; 3, pasture ; 4, oats ; 5, beans, manured ; 6, 

 wheat. 



The Rothamsted course is : 1, Rutabaga ; 2, 

 barley ; 8, beans or clover ; 4, wheat. 



Ayrshire, Scotland. 



1, Oats ; 2, oats ; 3, meadow ; 4-7, meadow or 

 pasture. 



Clover-sick land : 1, Turnips; 2, barley; 3, grass 

 seeds for one or two years ; 4, wheat ; 5, barley or 

 oats ; 6, peas ; 7, wheat. 



1, Turnips or potatoes ; 2, barley ; 3, clover ; 4, 

 wheat ; 5, turnips or mangels ; 6, barley; 7, vetches 

 or beans ; 8, wheat. 



Midlands of England. 



6-course : 1, Wheat ; 2, barley ; 8, roots ; 4, 

 oats; 5, clover and grasses mown; 6, pasture. Wheat 



